Category Archives: House of Raeford Chicken Plant

The Chicken Plant Grants 


According to information obtained through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the South Carolina Department of Agriculture (SCDA), Aiken County was awarded a $6 million grant by SCDA for the purpose of helping to develop the proposed House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant. Had it been finalized, the grant would have supplemented a probable $10 million grant from the federal government to House of Raeford. The existence of the Aiken County grant and the details of the federal grant proposal were never disclosed. Had the project proceeded, the proposed House of Raeford plant near Exit 22 would have received $16 million in direct public subsidies in addition to discounted tax, water, and sewer rates.

by Don Moniak
November 16, 2024

Two weeks after Aiken County Council opted not to move forward on a tax incentive package for the House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant, aka Project Sunny, the Aiken Standard published an editorial by South Carolina Agriculture Commissioner Hugh Weathers that criticized the Council and took a swipe at Aiken County in general for allowing Project Sunny to fail.

Weathers asserted that “the Aiken community will “miss out on the pride that comes from supporting local farmers,” while further stating that Council Council “let their constituents down in failing to gather all the facts;” and that “I’ve heard a lot of misinformation about this project, and I’m disappointed that council never provided an opportunity for the public to learn the facts and weigh the pros and cons.” 

What Commissioner Weathers neglected to mention is that the Agriculture Department, the House of Raeford, County Council, the City of Aiken, and the Western Carolina Economic Development Partnership kept the public totally in the dark by failing to provide any information on Project Sunny until opposition to the effort emerged and rapidly grew.

Instead, Project Sunny’s “sponsor” was kept secret until it could no longer be hidden. Only then did House of Raeford and its allies in state government mount what turned out to be a belated, and ultimately futile public relations campaign to try to salvage the project—a campaign that began with a “flowery” presentation to Aiken City Council held during a closed-door Executive Session that should have been on the regular meeting agenda and held in full public view.

In retrospect, Weathers’ frustration at Council’s reticence to disclose any of the facts concerning the project, though not his unnecessary barbs, seems a bit rational because prior to any opposition Project Sunny was a sure bet; and a traditionally opaque approval process was the best means towards winning that bet.

This is evidenced by two grant proposals totaling $16 million that were either barely discussed or not discussed at all during the debate. 

First, there was a $10 million grant proposal by House of Raeford in November 2023, assisted by the Agriculture Department, to the federal subsidy program known as the Meat and Poultry Processing Expansion Program (MPPEP). The existence of a possible $10 million grant was referenced in a WJBF story and an Aiken Standard report, but no details were ever offered.

Second, on February 14, 2024, Aiken County submitted an application for a $6 million state grant to the South Carolina Department of Agriculture’s Growing Agribusiness Fund—which was funded by a $40 million legislative allocation in 2023. The County’s grant proposal, which was never publicly disclosed, included House of Raeford financial data—assets, revenues, profits, and costs—that was absent from the federal grant application.  

The application shows that, contrary to Commissioner Weathers’ assertions, Aiken County government was very well informed about the project details, including water and sewer demands of at least 33.8 million gallons per month—amounts quite similar to the estimates first implied in January 2024 when the City of Aiken sought a generic rate discount for water and sewer use for major users of its utilities.

Aiken County’s grant proposal also displayed knowledge that House of Raeford’s Aiken plant would not only replace its increasingly controversial West Columbia plant, but it would also double the capacity of chickens processed– up to 57 million per year at a rate of up to 1.3 million per week. The doubling of capacity was also known to be dependent upon the creation of 260 new chicken houses to raise broiler chickens, with upwards of 80 new or expanded growers needed to operate the new facilities—a fact that was greatly and inexplicably underreported during the March-April debate period.

Just twelve days after submitting its proposal, Aiken County was awarded the grant by the “Agriculture Agribusiness Infrastructure Incentives Distribution Initiative Panel” during the panel’s Feburary 26, 2024 meeting.

The two grant proposals and the award to Aiken County suggest that the House of Raeford plant was a done deal prior to two unexpected events: a sewer capacity shortfall and a strong public opposition movement—especially from nearby residents.

County Council Vice-Chair Andrew Siders, who, along with County Chair Gary Bunker, were directly lobbied by Governor Henry McMaster (Figure 1) in early April of 2024, would later tell the Aiken Standard that the opposition was “overwhelming,” a sentiment echoed by County Councilman Phil Napier; who represents the district where the plant was proposed to be located.

Figure 1. Emails between state government officials, House of Raeford executive Jantzen Bradley, and lobbyist Tony Denny.
The calls occurred two weeks before the Second Reading of a Fee in Lieu of Taxes (FILOT) Ordinance that would have provided tax rate discounts that can be viewed on Page 17 of the County’s Grant Proposal. The details of the FILOT agreement were never made public during the two months it was in Council’s legislative process. The FILOT agreement failed, at least for one year, after Council opted to not move the Ordinance forward during the Second Reading, which can be heard from a link in The Chicken Plant Tapes. (Email obtained via a Freedom of Information Act request.)


The Chicken Plant Location

The two grant applications collectively revealed the location in the northern portion of Aiken County, near I-20’s Exit 22, was based primarily on two factors.

First, it is within 60 miles of most of the company’s existing 80 chicken broiler house growers that supply its current needs.

Second, Aiken County was described in the MEPPA grant application as being “in a rural western/central region of South Carolina, away from major metropolitan areas. This region is represented by rural, underserved, and disenfranchised populations,” (emphasis added) “nearly 13 percent of housing units are vacant,” and the cost of living in Aiken County is lower than that of Lexington County.

The company first settled on a location within Verenes Business Park, which is already zoned for industrial use. As of November 2023, the company had submitted a Letter of Intent (LOI) to purchase the former Avara Pharmaceuticals properties and building on Windham Boulevard.

The site is just south of an undeveloped 146-acre tract owned by the City of Aiken that would have provided a visual screening from the Interstate. However, it is also only a third of a mile upwind from the closest homes in the Taylor Ridge neighborhood, which is composed of quarter to half-million dollar homes on 2-5 acre lots.

The Avara properties total 24.1 acres and the main building is approximately 170,000 square feet, which corresponds to the estimated 165,000+ square foot facility size identified in the County’s grant application, as well as in subsequent reports. The offering price was $12 million, and closing was anticipated for April 2024. 

According to an email from Will Williams of the Western Carolina Economic Development Partnership to a local resident, House of Raeford passed on the Avara property after “they determined they could ‘settle’ but not be able to get exactly what they wanted.” Another issue raised in the Williams email was that “I didn’t want odor nor feathers on Windham Blvd”—legitimate issues raised by chicken slaughterhouse opponents.

By the time the County’s grant application was submitted to SC Department of Agriculture, the location had changed to an 87-acre parcel along East Frontage Road next to the existing Shaw plant. This site is generally upwind from more than 100 homes along Old Camp Long Road—the closest being only 1,000 feet— and at least thirty properties in a newly developed area known as Big Branch Farms, where lot sizes range from 5-25 acres. It was to be three miles generally downwind, but close enough to be of concern, to the Summer Lakes neighborhood and the older Millbrook neighborhood.

Clearly, House of Raeford’s due diligence that led to a conclusion that the “region was rural, underserved, and disenfranchised” was undermined by the fact that the area is increasingly dotted with suburban and exurban developments of Aiken, as well as Augusta and Lexington, within an older mix of farms and mixed-income neighborhoods. In fact, instead of a chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant, a suburban-style subdivision is now planned for the East Frontage Road site.

In its search for a more suitable rural setting than West Columbia, House of Raeford instead chose an area undergoing steady residential growth. Instead of looking at its own demographics research deficiencies, the company and its allies in state government blamed the failure of the project on public “misinformation.”

(Feature photo: Concept design of the exterior of the chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant contained in the County’s grant application).

The Chicken Plant Tapes

Audio recordings of Aiken County Council’s April 16th meetings regarding the House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant, the County’s wastewater/sewer plant capacity issue, and other County business.

by Don Moniak
April 30, 2024

On Tuesday, April 16, 2024, before a standing room only audience, Aiken County Council opted to not proceed on a tax incentive Ordinance, known as a Fee in Lieu of Taxes (FILOT), for the proposed House of Raeford (HOR) chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant. As a result of the non-decision, Chairman Gary Bunker declared the FILOT Ordinance “as dead as Marley’s ghost.”

As reported in Sewage Capacity Makes the News, the pivotal issue for the failure of the Ordinance was, and remains, wastewater management; as the HOR chicken plant could demand upwards of 1.7 million gallons of wastewater capacity per day (MGD) from a system that is only permitted to process 20 MGD, and which has less than 0.5 MGD of “unsold capacity.”

Despite the vast territory that is Aiken County, the County Council is still only considering live streaming of its meetings. Officials also refuse to even post audio tapes of Council meetings on the County website.

Although County Code (Figure 1) mandates that archives of audio recordings of Council meetings be kept for five years, and verbatim transcripts must be requested by a Council member (which rarely happens and did not on this occasion); the County requires that individual citizens must request copies of any audiotapes through a hybrid Freedom of Information Act request process. Costs of tapes can range as high as $3.86.

Figure 1: County Code dictating the keeping of Meeting Minutes and retention of audio tapes. No video tapes are taken at present time. Meeting Minute summaries are minimalist efforts at compliance with SC FOIA.

Because of the importance of the April 16th meeting, the audio recordings of Council’s Work Session and the Regular Meeting are being made available by the Aiken Chronicles. Following are timelines and summaries of both, with various speakers identified.

The Audio Recording of the Work Session Discussion on Wastewater System Capacity

The Work Session audio contains a nearly ten minute discussion regarding the Horse Creek Wastewater Plant, of which six minutes pertain to the critical issue of wastewater processing capacity. The critical information conveyed during the Work Session was not relayed to the hundreds of people who attended the Regular Meeting.

The discussion began at the 4:03 minute mark and occurred within the confines of the Work Session Agenda Item titled: “ Finance & ARPA Update Reports- February 2024.” The information that was discussed can be found in the Work Session Finance/Audit Reports.

8:45: A short discussion on the FILOT revenue information ensued after Councilman Mike Kellems asked if there is a report that could make accounting of FILOT revenues more clear. Council was told these figures will not show up until June. 

10:20: The ARPA (American Rescue Plan Act of 2021) discussion began.

13:15 to 18:13. Councilman Kelly Mobley questioned County Administrator Brian Sanders about a Professional Engineering Report and a separate Wastewater Capacity Study.

18:13 to 19:10 . Council Chairman Gary Bunker took over the questioning and better defined the terms of the capacity issue—that there is only 300,000 to 500,000 gallons per day of “unsold capacity;” meaning that all nearly all sewer processing capacity is currently sold to various Sewer and Water Districts.

21:31. Council voted to enter Executive Session, without specifying which projects will be discussed during the closed-door meeting.

County Council Regular Meeting Audio Tape.

The Public Hearing portion of the Regular meeting  began at the 8:00 minute mark of the audio recording.

00:15:00: Questions were posed about a confusing Ordinance that authorizes Rezoning of a property from Residential Conservation (RC) to Residential Multi-Family (RD). The change was requested because RC requires lot size of 0.98 acres, and the proposed Beazley Homes subdivision involves lot sizes of 0.95 acres.

00:17:40; Questions were posed about another Ordinance that authorizes Rezoning of a property from a combination of  RD and  RUD (Rural Development) to only RUD. A comment was made that County Council should seek public involvement before drafting the new County Comprehensive Plan. This comment drew applause.

(Both of these Readings exposed hundreds of people to the County Zoning Ordinance and planning process.)

00:21:50. Old Business Number One, The Second Reading of the House of Raeford FILOT Ordinance was introduced. (A video with low-quality audio of the Second Reading can also be viewed here).

00:22:31: A Motion to Table was made by Councilman Mike Kellems and Seconded by Councilman Kelly Mobley, that would have deferred the Reading to a later meeting. Because a Motion to Table is undebatable, there was no discussion as to why it was made.

00;23:40: A vote on the Motion to Table was held. The Motion failed by a vote of 7-2, with Councilmen Mobley and Kellems casting the affirmative votes. The vote drew applause.

00:24:00: Chairman Bunker asked: “Is there a motion on this matter.” 

00:24:15; After the lack of a Motion to proceed, Chairman Bunker announced that, “The Second Reading of this Ordinance fails due to the lack of a motion.” 

00:24:23: An audience member asked: “Could you tell us what this means?” 

00: 24:25 Chairman Bunker responded: “This means that this is as dead as  Marley’s Ghost.”

00:24:28. There were twenty seconds of applause.

00:24:50 Councilman Phil Napier asked for all of his District 6 constituents to raise their hands.

00:25:15 Councilman Mobley stated: “ I want everyone to know and understand that we have a great deal of concern about this project…all of this is top of mind. But do please understand we only took up the FILOT issue, and by right this company can build on this property…”

00:26:25: County Attorney Brad Farrar explained what the issue voted upon involved.

00:27:00: Councilwoman P.K. Hightower stated that if the County cannot support HOR from a sewer standpoint then they can build but not operate; followed by five seconds of applause.

00:27:45: Chairman Bunker announces a five-minute Recess and states that “My guess is that 90 percent of the room were in here for this.” 

00:35:00. The meeting resumed, with a full room of County residents remaining.

00:41:25  The “Informal Meeting of the Whole,” began; the portion where pubic comment is taken. Chairman Bunker stated that speakers should address “any topic not previously discussed this evening.” Nine County residents then spoke at the podium before Council, and one spoke from the audience.

00:42:25 to 46:30. Vicki Simons spoke about Council’s December 2020 decision to extend the City of Aiken’s Sewer and Water District boundaries north of Interstate 20. Chairman Bunker interrupted two minutes into her speech after she mentioned the HOR plant.

00:46:40 to 00:48:05 : Nilda Burke talked about rezoning needs across the County and advocated for a better comprehensive plan. (The County’s new Ten-Year Comprehensive Plan will be developed this year).

00:48:20: Carson Sublett offered the suggestion of employing the knowledge and expertise of County residents before pursuing major projects. After he began to discuss HOR’s record, Chairman Bunker again interjected with a warning to “not rehash” agenda issues.

00:50:40   Debbie Lybrand, who played a key organizational role in bringing people to the meeting, thanked Council for its actions.

00:52:00. Chris Miller addressed a separate issue, one of code enforcement compliance. This discussion lasted for nearly twenty minutes. At the 00:55:30 mark, County Attorney Brad Farrar offered fa four-minute summary of the various options and “limited tools” available to the County for code enforcement. At one point he stated:

“It is a pretty big thing to get sued by your own government,”in reference to the option of a request for a court injunction.

01:12:00 Natasha Person spoke from the audience, and stated her comments were “not about the FILOT,” before discussing House of Raeford’s record.

01:14:28: Chairman Bunker issued a final warning about addressing agenda items during the public comment period on nonagenda items.

01:17:40: Jody Madden discussed the economic impact of the equestrian community and addressed the “ public health problem” posed by avian flu; before ending with the statement “there is no chicken statue” in Aiken.

01:20:00. Michael Frazier discussed the Prayer and Repentance Parade/March that was held in Aiken earlier in April.

01:22:45: State House of Representatives District 81 candidate MacKenzie “Mack” Morris again addressed the HOR record. 

The “informal meeting of the whole” was then adjourned, and Council voted to enter into its second closed-door Executive Session of the day, with Chairman Bunker informing the audience that House of Raeford would not be a part of any Executive Session discussion.

The April 16th meeting comments are likely to be reduced in County Council’s meeting minutes to a few sentences at most. This reductionism is routine in our County government.

For example, one person expressed support for, and eight people expressed concerns and/or opposition to, the HOR chicken plant during the “Informal Meeting of the Whole” at Council’s March 19, 2024, meeting.

The fact that someone spoke in favor did not make the Meeting Minutes. The concerns expressed by eight county residents were reduced to:

Several citizens spoke in opposition to the chicken plant coming to Aiken County.”

Council approved the March 19th Meeting Minutes on April 16th without question.

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Sewage Capacity Makes the News

Aiken County’s evolving and confusing wastewater management program has become a hot topic during the ongoing debate regarding the House of Raeford’s (HOR) proposed chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant. The complex issue of wastewater system capacity was the key factor in Aiken County Council’s recent decision to allow its tax incentive package for HOR to “die” during its April 16, 2024, public meeting—even though Council did not share that information during the meeting.

Still, one end result has been a heightened public awareness that wastewater capacity at the County’s old Horse Creek Wastewater Plant is a key limiting factor for Aiken County economic growth. This dynamic situation will remain in the public eye while House of Raeford and its allies in state government reorganize efforts to locate the project somewhere in Aiken County, which is considered one of the company’s few viable geographic locations due to the nature of an industry that requires input (live chickens) to be close to slaughterhouses and processing plants.

(Update, May 3, 2024

by Don Moniak
April 24, 2024

As described in $1.1 Million Worth of Water Bills, the fifty-year-old Horse Creek Wastewater Plant is responsible for cleaning up, and keeping clean, Horse Creek—a stream that has endured scores of years of discharges from textile mills which rendered it, and Langley Pond, biologically sterile bodies of water until the late 1970’s to early 1980’s. This depends on one’s definition of ecological recovery, as a fish consumption advisory first issued in the 1980’s remains to this day (Figure 1).

Horse Creek Wastewater Plant, operated by the Aiken County Public Service Authority, is also responsible for processing sewage from multiple sewer and water districts across the Western portion of the county. Treated wastewater must meet State and Federal water quality standards before being released into the Savannah River.

Although the plant’s current permitted capacity is 20 million gallons per day (MGD), work towards future capacity of 26 MGD has been described by two contractors, Feyen Zylstra and GMC, who have completed an electrical upgrade and a plant design study, respectively.

Figure 1. DHEC fish consumption advisory, with a drained Langley Pond in the background. The advisory remains in place, but signs are routinely removed and destroyed by dissenting locals. (Photo by Laura Lance, 2015)

The County Council’s Controversial but Popular Non-Decision

At its regular public meeting one week ago on April 16th, Aiken County Council held the Second Reading of a Fee in Lieu of Taxes (FILOT) Ordinance which would have authorized the County to negotiate and execute a tax incentive agreement for the proposed House of Raeford’s $185 million chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant near Interstate 20’s Exit 22 (see Pages 6-41 of Council Agenda packet for full details of the Ordinance).

The Second Reading was not a Public Hearing where public comment is accepted; that process was tentatively scheduled for May 7th if the Second Reading of the Ordinance was approved.

The proposal also involved a controversial City of Aiken ordinance to allow for deep sewer and water rate discounts for the company. Aiken City Council put that process on hold while the County reached a decision.

The Second Reading of the FILOT Ordinance led to what was essentially a non-decision. After a Motion to Table that would have returned the Ordinance to a future meeting agenda, no Council member made a Motion to Approve (or Disapprove) the Ordinance. As a result, the Ordinance, as written, “died” and cannot return for at least one year.

When Chairman Gary Bunker was asked what the failure of a Motion to proceed meant, he responded by saying:

It means it is dead as Marley’s ghost.”

(A video with low-quality audio of the Second Reading can be viewed here).

Chairman Bunker’s description of the lack of a Motion to move forward incited a roar of applause among the hundreds of people who packed County Chambers—as well as thousands of County residents who did not attend but heard the news within a few hours. (County Council still does not live stream its meetings or post the audio to its website).

The news was tempered somewhat by comments from Councilman Kelly Mobley, who was known to oppose the plant but had voted to table the Second Reading. Mr. Mobley explained that House of Raeford could still attempt to move forward without the proposed tax incentive.

Although not cited during the Second Reading, the primary reason for this rare, if not unprecedented, Council decision to allow a FILOT Ordinance to “die” was the issue of wastewater processing and permitting capacity, and the lack of sufficient allocation reserves for existing users. The wastewater issue was discussed during a Council Work Session that preceded the Public Meeting, but Council failed to share information from that Work Session during the meeting.

However, it was a topic of public discussion before the meeting; and in an April 16th letter (Figure 2) sent by Governor Henry McMaster to Chairman Bunker that was publicly released hours before the meeting. In his last minute intervention, McMaster urged Council to delay the process while his office sought financial help with the County’s wastewater capacity. Between McMaster’s controversial letter of interference in a local issue, and Councilman Mobley’s cautionary statements, any assumed finality of the project remains highly uncertain.

Figure 3: Governor McMaster letter. Note the cc to the Department of Agriculture, a strong backer of the project. (Click to enlarge)

Heightened Public Awareness of Wastewater Management

Still, in the wake County Council’s decision, or lack thereof, management of Aiken County’s highly variable sewage streams that are processed at the Horse Creek Wastewater Plant (Figure 3) is now prominent in the public eye.

Aiken County citizens are now more fully aware that the capacity and physical condition of the county-owned Horse Creek Wastewater Plant (HCWP), which has allowed industrial and residential growth, is also a limiting factor for future growth across much of Aiken County; particularly the western, more urban half of this relatively vast county. In fact, at least one rumor is even circulating that a moratorium on capacity is imminent (1).

In short, citizens learned that County Council’s determination was that almost all present and future HCWP permitted capacity is already currently allocated, and the City of Aiken in particular is very close to reaching its capacity; only 300 to 500 thousand gallons of reserve capacity is believed to exist at HCWP. However, there has been an ongoing third-party audit of the HCWP capacity issues for nearly a year that could alter the equation.

As a result, the issue remains complex and not fully understood. This is reflected by a summary of the situation* by Chairman Bunker, who has a deep knowledge of the issues surrounding HCWP. In response to questions posed via email (2) on April 17th, he wrote that:

Capacity is the total amount that the (wastewater) plant can process (20 millions gallons per day (MPD) while usage is what the plant normally processes in actuality (~12M gpd).

Aiken County is the wholesaler for the sewage capacity. It sells capacity to the “retailers” such as the City of Aiken, City of North Augusta, Breezy Hill, Valley (Public Service Authority) etc. As was discussed (during the April 16th Work Session) Aiken County only has a minimal amount (~0.3 to 0.5 MGPD) left to sell.

So in regards to HOR, the proposed plant was going to be located in the City of Aiken’s sewer district. So their usage would have gone against the City of Aiken’s capacity limit. Normally, we would assume that if the COA has a capacity of X, and a usage of Y, then the unused capacity would be ZX minus Y. So I assume the HOR was counting on the ability to use some of the Z unused capacity. Then the unused capacity would be Z (X minus Y). So I assume the HOR was counting on the ability to use some of the Z unused capacity.

Except that my understanding is that Z doesn’t exist – that this unused capacity has been committed by the City of a variety of other projects. So we need to add Z’ to the equation – the unused and uncommitted capacity. And evidently for the City this Z’ is a minimal value.

The irony of the HoR situation is that Aiken County has had an ongoing capacity audit underway since before the chicken plant became an issue. (3)

But as I told the Aiken Standard, even if this 6M gpd was magically made available last Tuesday evening, I doubt Council would have dedicated 1.7M gpd of this resource (nearly 30%) to a single user. The outcome would have remained unchanged.

Figure 3. Aiken County’s Horse Creek Wastewater Plant in Beech Island.

City of Aiken’s Currently Limited Capacity

The City of Aiken’s limited capacity issue was discussed during Aiken City Council’s September 11, 2023, worksession. The issue then was a request for a capacity transfer to Valley Public Service Authority for Turner Development’s proposed Weeping Willow residential development outside of North Augusta.

In that Work Session, the city’s utility department reported that the remaining allocated wastewater plant capacity was only 0.6 million gallons per day. (Figure 4)

Figure 4: Meeting Minutes for September 11, 2024 Work Sesssion. Click to Enlarge.

The issue of plant upgrades and operations may eventually fade somewhat from the public eye, but in the short term will remain prominent.

This is because, although the FILOT Ordinance is dead and the City of Aiken has opted to not pursue its own water and sewer rate discount ordinance for HOR, the chicken plant project is far from dead. The issue could return in one year, if not earlier, as House of Raeford all but promised to continue its efforts in a divisive statement (Figure 5) made days after County Council opted to allow the tax incentive Ordinance to “die,” at least for one year.

Figure 5. House of Raeford’s public statement.
It is untrue that Council Council alloted 30 minutes to study the details of the project. At least two closed-door meetings on the subject were held in previous months, and Council delayed the Second Reading for one month to further investigate wastewater management and other project issues fueled by increasing public discontent over the proposed location and impacts of the project. House of Raeford also failed to mention that one City Council member, Andrea Gregory, was opposed to the project due to water issues; and that at least one other Councilmember, Gail Diggs, had also changed her mind. In an April 16th email, Ms. Diggs wrote that, “I know County Council will do what’s in the best interest of our citizens, and that’s not to bring the House of Raeford to Aiken.” For its part, House of Raeford’s commitment to “transparency” is undermined by its failure to divulge project details beyond economic benefits and the company’s charitable programs.

Footnotes

(1) The extent of awareness was highlighted in part near the end of last night’s Aiken City Council meeting. At the 1:23:30 mark of the meeting, during the second “public comments on nonagenda items” period, Aiken resident Curt Hanna posed the question:

“I do have one question, and this is just ignorance, I just heard it today, is it true that there is a moratorium on sewer capacity as of Friday.”

City Manager Stuart Bedenbaugh responded by dismissing the existence of any such moratorium by citing and describing the ongoing audit.

(2) Email exchange regarding wastewater capacity issue:

4/17/24 Email sent to Chairman Bunker, Council, and Staff, which included Figure 1 above.

“Good Morning Chairman Bunker, 

I was prepared to make comments and ask general questions about the Horse Creek Plant and sewage allocations last night, but unfortunately was not called up to speak. The sewer capacity issue extends well beyond the HOR plant, and has been raised during City of Aiken (COA) residential development discussions. 

 During the work session last night the issue of Horse Creek Wastewater Plant (HCWP) capacity was discussed. My notes from the Work Session show that: 

1. The Horse Creek Wastewater Plant (HCWP) has a permitted capacity of 20 million gallons per day. 

Question: Is the County preparing to submit a permit amendment to DHEC to increase capacity to 26 MGD or more? Or has it already been submitted? 

2. HCWP currently processes 12-13 MGD. 

Is was unclear to me whether that is currently the maximum capacity due to physical constraints and that upgrades will allow for the full 20 million of permitted use, or if the upgrades will allow for 26 MGD of processing capability, as reported in this Aiken Standard story.  

summary of work to date at gmcnetwork.com further states that: 

“GMC completed a study (Phase I) for the Horse Creek Pollution Control Facility and a design (Phase II) based on the findings of the study. This process provided a confident course of action for the utility. As a result of the project, the facility now has a primary design capacity of 26 MGD with a peak of 65 MGD and a secondary capacity of 20 MGD with a peak of 40 MGD, utilizing a 20-MG offline equalization basin.”

What is the current physical capacity, what is the anticipated permitted capacity, and will physical capacity match permitted capacity? 

3.  The 20 MGD of permitted use is currently allocated to the various water and sewer authorities: Aiken, North Augusta, Valley Public Service, Breezy Hill, New Ellenton (?), etc. 

 a. According to the September 25,  2023, Aiken City Council work session minutes, (pages 3-5 and screenshot below), the City of Aiken is allocated 7.4 MGD of the capacity and is using 6.8 MGD. (see below).   The same minutes state that Valley PSA is allocated 8.6 MGD. 

Question(s) Is it true that more than half of what HCWP currently processes derives from the COA sewer system? Will COA be granted an increased allocation proportionate to other users? 

(I have tried to obtain information on allocations since about that time from HCWP officials but was told the numbers would not be available until after an audit was completed).  

b.  The allocations are being reviewed by a third party auditor who is also auditing plant usage, capacity, and capacity allocations. 

c.  Brian Sanders stated that, at present,  300,000 to 500,000 of existing permitted capacity is excess capacity—it is not allocated to any party and could be “sold” to any of the districts. 

Question(s): Given the expected increase in HCWP capacity, Is the issue of the available capacity for a major user, HOR, primarily one of County capacity, or one of the City of Aiken’s allocated capacity? Are other service districts being constrained in any way by COA demands, and will COA capacity be raised much more than the 7.4 MGD currently allocated? 

I believe this issue is complex enough that the County should issue a white paper on the situation, one in Plain English and one that outlines the current and future limitations of the HCWP, especially as it affects future growth. The paper should also identify the expected operational life of the facility, a full accounting of recent upgrade costs, and the estimates of future maintenance and upgrade costs. 

Thank you, 

Don Moniak”

The response is shown below:

Click to Enlarge. The referenced Aiken Standard story is here.


(3) When I requested capacity data from County officials in September 2023, the response was that an audit was underway and answers could not be provided until it was complete. It remains a work in progress.

* The following information was obtained on May 2, 2024:

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Shaw Creek: Aiken’s Limited Surface Water Source.

by Don Moniak
April 5, 2024

The City of Aiken derives approximately 25 percent of its drinking water supply from a shallow, narrow, and slow-moving stream called Shaw Creek (1). The City has a permit from SC DHEC to withdraw up to eight million gallons of water per day from the creek. The water is then treated to meet safe water standards at a 70-year old treatment plant that is only capable of processing about 5.5 of the 8.0 million gallons permitted by the state.

A well-needed, new water treatment plant with a price tag of $71 million is being designed to process the permitted 8.0 million gallons.

A proposed House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant is expected to use ~1.1 million gallons per day; which is 20 percent of the existing capacity of 5.5 million gallons per day, and 45 percent of the 2.5 millions gallons of added capacity expected of the new $71 million plant.

Figure 1. Upper Watershed of the South Fork of the Edisto River. From SC DHEC Watershed GIS mapping database


Aiken’s Surface Water Supply

Shaw Creek is the largest tributary (Figure 1) of the South Fork of the Edisto River. The creek originates north of Trenton and flows more than twenty-five miles to its confluence with the South Fork.

Shaw Creek’s floodplain width ranges from 500-2000 feet, but its main channel only ranges from 10-20 feet wide and 7-10 feet deep. Stream flow measurements taken in the past two years indicate a median flow of approximately 65 cubic feet per second.

This small creek is the City of Aiken’s only surface water source; accounting for an average of 25 percent of the City’s total drinking water needs (2).

The flow of other municipal surface water sources in this region dwarfs that of Shaw Creek. As the table below shows, Aiken withdraws a considerable, even disproportionate, amount of its available surface water source compared to other municipal water systems.

MunicipalityStream SourceMedian Flow (cubic ft/sec)*Plant Capacity (Million Gallons/Day)
AikenShaw Creek655.5 to 8**
North AugustaSavannah River8,87012
OrangeburgNorth Fork Edisto River82315
West ColumbiaSaluda River2,0406
* The USGS monitoring station at Shaw Creek, located above the City’s water plant, does not monitor flow rate—-unlike the continuous monitoring of flow at the other three USGS gauges cited here. Shaw Creek flow is based on individual measurements made between 2022 and 2024.
** 8 MGD is the projected capacity of the new water treatment plant. Existing capacity is 5.5 MGD

For example, the median flow rate where the City of West Columbia withdraws water from the Saluda River is more than thirty times that found in Shaw Creek. Yet, West Columbia withdraws less water from the relatively mighty Saluda River than Aiken withdraws from Shaw Creek.

This comparison is important because West Columbia provides copious amounts of this water—as well as water from Lake Murray— to the old, water-intensive House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant situated in West Columbia above the Congaree River; across and usually upwind from the City of Columbia.

The City of Aiken proposes to provide similar amounts of water from its system to a new, but still water-intensive, House of Raeford chicken plant; which the company clearly intends as a replacement for the its embattled West Columbia plant.

According to city officials, the proposed new plant, to be located along the East Frontage Road near Exit 22 of Interstate 20, will use at least an estimated 1.1 million gallons per day—approximately twenty percent of the City’s surface water processing capacity.


Aiken’s Shaw Creek Water Plant

The City of Aiken withdraws Shaw Creek water at its 70-year old water treatment plant (Figure 2), where it is treated to meet drinking water standards. The plant, which sits a few miles north of town along Hwy 1 North, is permitted to withdraw up to 8.0 million gallons of Shaw Creek water per day by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Quality (SC DHEC).

The plant, however, is only capable of withdrawing and processing about two-thirds of its permitted use, around 5.5 million gallons per day (MGD). The major limitation is a water intake system that a 2019 Preliminary Engineering Report, that was commissioned by the City, described as being fraught with problems:

The existing dam structure in Shaw’s Creek has resulted in a sediment trap that must be dredged annually. This causes a reduction in the amount of water that can be successfully withdrawn from  Shaw’s Creek, especially in the driest months of the year. Based on the Surface Water Allocation Model provided by SCDHEC, Shaw’s Creek has a 99.998% probability of yielding 8 MGD, however, the existing intake structure failure does not allow for a withdrawal rate of 8 MGD. “

During an August 12, 2019 study presentation to Aiken City Council, the consulting engineers from Goodwyn, Mills, and Caewood explained that:

Today we are getting about 5.5 MGD. That is due to several reasons, with the biggest reason being the intake structure is dated. The treatment technology at the plant is (also) dated which leads to some energy inefficiencies.”

Figure 2: Historic Shaw Creek Water Treatment Plant


The $71 Million New Water Plant.

The consulting engineers recommended (3) constructing a new water treatment plant with a new intake structure; one capable of withdrawing and treating the permitted 8.0 MGD. While there are numerous benefits from building a new facility—i.e. a modern treatment system, energy efficiency, and increased reliability—the added processing capacity will only be ~2.5 MGD.

The preliminary plant cost estimate was $40.1 million. At the time, City Manager Stuart Bedenbaugh recommended pursuing funds through Aiken County’s 2024 Capital Project Sales Tax referendum.

Between August 2019 and November 2023, the cost estimate rose to $71 million; which was probably too much to pursue from the sales tax. Instead, the funding for this major project will derive from three sources:

  • A $10 million grant that the South Carolina’s Joint Bond Review Committee was allocated in March 2023 from the state’s portion of American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds—the COVID-19 relief bill opposed by most county officials. 
  • Up to $61 million in Water and Sewer Revenue Bonds. The issuance of bonds was approved by Aiken City Council by ordinance on November 27, 2023. 
  • Up to a $27 million, low-interest loan from the S.C. Water Quality Revolving Fund; approved by a resolution of City Council on December 11, 2023. (The availability and size of the loan will determine the size of the bond issuance—which could be anywhere from $34-$61 million.) 

If the House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing plant does consume 1.1 MGD of Shaw Creek water, that would account for close to half, or 44 percent, of the added capacity of the $71 million plant.

Figure 3: Aerial View of House of Raeford Plant in West Columbia


”Plenty of Water”

Despite these water supply realities, a March 27, 2024, Aiken Standard story, headlined “Utilities Director Says There is Plenty of Water,” began with the misleading, editorializing statement that:

Aiken residents concerned that new development is going to cause the city to run short of water may not have anything to worry about. ”

The story was based on comments (4) made by Aiken Engineering and Utilities Director Mike Przbylowicz during Aiken City Council’s March 25, 2024, public meeting, during which he twice made the imprecise statement that Aiken has plenty of water.

During his comments to Council, Mr. Pryzbylowicz cited three data points related to surface water: 8.0 MGD of permitted use from Shaw Creek; 4.0 MGD of average Shaw Creek Plant drinking water production; and a 12.0 MGD flow rate. The latter was not qualified as a median, mean, or high or low-flow, but does appear to represent a low-flow data point.

While his statements were made in the context of the expected residential housing boom on the Northside of Aiken, where access to City water has been approved for more than 2500 new housing units since early 2022, the Standard chose to extrapolate the limited data set to also conclude that there is plenty of water for the water-intensive chicken plant.

In reality, the City of Aiken’s water supply that supports the northern portion of its sewer and water service area is a very finite source with minimal potential for expansion. The City draws surface water from a small, arguably over-utilized creek with predictably low flow rates (Figure 4).

Under the current plans, the House of Raeford plant could withdraw nearly half of the added capacity of the planned new $71 million water plant. That is plenty of water for chickens, but not so much for people.

Figure 4: Shaw Creek stream flow measurements from January 2022 to present.


Footnotes

(1) Shaw Creek is alternately called Shaws Creek and Shaw’s Creek. Since the official DHEC watershed atlas, as well as the USGS water monitoring system, label it as Shaw Creek, that is the name used here.

(2) The remainder of the drinking water supply derives from groundwater wells. All of the Southside water produced at the Town Creek Road treatment facility is drawn from groundwater wells.

Only one groundwater well, Shiloh Springs, is on the northern side of the city’s water and sewer district. Located just north of I-20 near Gregory Road, the well experienced problems with high radium levels in the early 2010s that required an expensive Radium Reduction program; a fact that might make that water unattractive for a food processing plant.

(3) Alternatives included no new water plant and switching to a groundwater-only option. However, that recommendation was dismissed because:

Due to a lack of quality aquifer and groundwater contamination in the northern portion of the City, groundwater would have to be pumped from the southern side of the City. This option will result in total reliance on one water source.

(4) Transcription of City of Aiken Engineering and Utilities Director Mike Przbylowicz statements of 3/25/24, (edited for clarity by removing pauses and double wording).

“About the water issues that Mr Myers raised as far as water I mean the water plant is pulling out five million gallons a day. We are permitted for eight (million gallons per day). The last USGS study we had, the Creek is running about 12.7 million a day. So right now there is plenty of water. 

We did have USGS do a well study on some of the wells in that vicinity and what they consider we’re still in Young Water, in other words the aquifer is is at certain depth and we’re still in that high water mark so they consider it young water. 

We’re not deep into the water , we don’t pull it down out from the bottom, there’s plenty of water in the aquifers and there are studies from USGS that we had done just for the water plant for growth in the north side and for growth on the east side. 

As far as our water usage, we are at about 70% for permitted amount. Looking at future growth and we’re at about 40 % on our groundwater usage.  70% is for what is taken below ground, or below surface. 

And the surface waters we’re using are about 40% of the permitted surface water usage. 

So as far as water we have a recent model we had done in 2020, uh 2022, and we had it updated again in 2023. As far as what uh our consultant said in USGS said, You don’t see a water issue. The new water plant will produce will be able to produce 8 million a day and that’s what our permit is for. “

Looking Back: 35 Years of Headlines

Part 2 of Two
See Part 1: Looking Forward: What Kind of Future Could Project Sunny Buy?

If past is prologue, what can be said of a company that, on the one hand, gives generously of funding and efforts to causes and non-profits in its communities and, on the other hand, takes much from its communities?

Reading headlines from over the past 35 years leaves little doubt that both are true. An internet search for “House of Raeford donates” will produce an exhaustive gallery of images documenting the good deeds performed by this company.

Scratching a little below the surface, other headlines emerge with stories of a company whose record on violating environmental regulations and worker safety has been described as “abysmal.” This is not to single out House of Raeford. Similar histories exist among other major players in the poultry processing and slaughterhouse industry.

In the course of reading these stories, which span decades, certain patterns begin to emerge. Histories repeat. Issues that existed four decades ago persist to this day.

Below are some of the headlines from the past 35 years — stories that tend to pass like ships in the night until they personally affect us. Most of the of articles involve House of Raeford, whose stories are highlighted in gray.

1989

Inside the Slaughterhouse
From the 3-part series: “Ruling the Roost”
By Barbara Goldaftas. Southern Exposure. Summer 1989
Excerpt: “Perhaps the most serious threat at the processing plants, however, is the risk of disabling injury. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, poultry workers suffer higher rates of illness and injury — rates that are more than twice the average for all workers in the private sector. Poultry processing is ‘more debilitating than any industry I know,’ says Sarah Fields-Davis, director of the Center for Women’s Economic Alternatives, an advocacy group based in Ahoskie, North Carolina. ‘I have seen women without an arm or fingers, with half a hand.’”

”I feel what women feel”
An interview with Donna Bazemore,poultry worker turned organizer.
From the 3-part series: “Ruling the Roost.”
By Bob Hall. Southern Exposure. Summer 1989.
“….Once you go through the door, everything changes. Your whole attitude. When you come out, you’re like two separate people. It has to do with the stress and pressure they put you under.”

Chicken Empires
From the 3-part series: “Ruling the Roost.”
By Bob Hall. Southern Exposure. Summer 1989.
Excerpt: “With its gushing flow of profits, one wonders why the industry doesn’t have the “courage” — to use Don Tyson’s word — to slow down its processing lines, treat its workers with respect, give their contract growers a measure of security, and still produce a product people are happy to eat? Must Frank Perdue and the 47 other chicken kings treat the world as a competitive jungle forever? ‘Perdue showed everybody how to really market chickens,’ says Tex Walker, an organizer with UFCW during its unsuccessful campaign in Accomac. ‘Now somebody needs to show him how to treat people like human beings.’”

2000

River Park Planners Want Plant Relocated
By Bridget A. Sheldon. The State. December 29, 2000
Chicken processing facility occupies coveted site beside the Congaree River.

2006

Civil Action: Cally R. Forrest, Jrl, and Suzanne Forrest, Plaintiffs, vs. Columbia Farms, Inc., Columbia Farms Distribution, Inc., Columbia Farms of Georgia, Inc., And The House of Raeford Farms, Inc., Defendants.

2007

House of Horrors: Turkey Slaughterhouse Investigation Reveals Sickening Cruelty
Mercy for Animals. May 18, 2007.
Excerpt: A Mercy For Animals undercover investigation takes you behind the closed doors of one of the country’s largest poultry slaughterhouses — House of Raeford Farms, Inc. in Raeford, North Carolina. In January and February of 2007 an MFA investigator worked in the “live-hang” area of the plant (where live birds are snapped into shackles on the slaughter line), secretly filming egregious acts of animal cruelty with a hidden camera. 

Denny’s Suspends Buying Poultry
The State. May 23, 2007.
Denny’s, Inc. has suspended poultry purchases from house of Raeford Farms in North Carolina pending further investigation into allegations of mistreatment of animals before slaughter. The allegations had surfaced and a video shot and a house of Raeford facility by representatives of an animal welfare group, the restaurant operator said in a statement.

2008

Worker Abuse Documented Yet Again in the South’s Poultry Industry
By Sue Sturgis. Facing South. February 13, 2008.
The next time you pick up a House of Raeford product at the grocery store — Black Forest Turkey Ham, perhaps, or maybe some Chicken Tenders — you should stop and think about the human suffering that’s not listed among the ingredients. This week the Charlotte Observer is featuring an investigative series titled “The Cruelest Cuts,” examining the plight of workers at the poultry giant’s Carolina facilities. A team of reporters and editors spent almost two years analyzing documents and interviewing more than 200 poultry workers — most of them Latino, and many in this country illegally. The team found compelling evidence the North Carolina-based company failed to report serious injuries such as broken bones and carpal tunnel syndrome, plant officials often dismissed workers’ requests for medical care, and regulators failed to take action to protect the workers. 

Poultry Firm’s Safety Records Raise Questions About Workers’ Welfare
By Kerry Hall, Ames Alexander, and Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer. February 10, 2008.
Excerpt: “In an industry rife with danger, house of Raeford Farms depicts itself as a safe place to work. Company records suggest relatively few workers are injured each year as they kill, cut and package millions of turkeys and chickens. But a Charlotte Observer investigation shows the N.C. poultry giant with S.C. plants in West Columbia, Greenville and Hemingway has masked the extent of injuries behind its factory walls.”

Poultry Production Has High Human Cost
By Kerry Hall, Ames Alexander, and Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer. February 12, 2008.
Excerpt: “Five current and former House of Raeford supervisors and human resources administrators, including two who were involved in hiring, said some of the companies managers know they employ undocumented workers. ‘If immigration came and looked at our files, they take half the plant,’ said Caitlin Davis, a former Greenville plant human-resources employee. “

Painful realities
By Kerry Hall, Ames Alexander, and Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer. February 13, 2008.
Excerpt: “When injured workers require treatment beyond first aid, employers also must record those injuries on federal logs; too many such injuries can draw scrutiny from workplace safety inspectors. In this environment, medical gatekeepers often face a choice: provide workers with the care they need or save the company money.”

Injured Sent Back to Work
By Kerry Hall, Ames Alexander, and Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer. February 14, 2008.
Excerpt: “House of Raeford boasts that its Greenville plant has gone more than 7 million hours without a “lost time accident,”meaning no worker has been injured badly enough to miss an entire shift. But according to the company’s own safety logs, Vicente was among at least eight workers at the plant who suffered amputated fingers or broken bones— all during the time the plant claimed to have millions of safe working hours dating back to 2002. Managers have kept the streak alive by requiring injured workers to return to the plant — in some cases hours after medical procedures.“

Congress Takes on the Poultry Industry: Hearings called after newspaper put spotlight on worker safety.
By Kerry Hall, Ames Alexander, Franco Ordonez and Peter St. Onge. The Charlotte Observer. February 17, 2008.
Excerpt: “In a six-part series that began last Sunday, the Observer reported that House of Raeford, which has seven processing plants in the Carolinas, had masked the extent of injuries behind its plant walls. Employees say the company, which has plants in West Columbia, Greenville and Hemmingway, has ignored, intimidated, or fired workers who were hurt on the job.”

5 Supervisors Arrested
The State/McClatchy Newspapers. June 19, 2008.
Excerpt: Federal agents on Wednesday arrested a fifth supervisor at a house of Raeford Farms poultry plant in Greenville as part of an ongoing investigation into alleged immigration violations. On Tuesday, immigration officials arrested four other supervisors after finding what appeared to be false information on employment records kept at the company’s Greenville chicken processing plant, according to Kevin McDonald, first assistant US attorney for South Carolina. 

Poultry plant manager arrested.
The State. July 11, 2008
Excerpt: “A manager at a Greenville poultry factory under federal investigation was arrested Wednesday and charged with telling employees to use falsified immigration documents, according to court filings.”

Five More Workers Face Charges
Franco Ordonez, Kerry Hall, The Charlotte Observer. August 16, 2008. Excerpt: “In a February series on workplace safety in the poultry industry, the Charlotte Observer reported that some house of Raeford managers knowingly employed undocumented workers, according to five current and former supervisors and human resource administrators. Former supervisors have said the plant prefers undocumented workers because they are less likely to question work conditions for fear of losing their jobs or being deported.” 

Three more poultry workers arraigned
The State. Compiled from reports by The Greenville News, and The Charlotte Observer. August 30, 2008
Excerpt: “Three more house of Raeford Farms workers were arranged this week on charges of using fake IDs to work for the company’sGreenville plant, which continues to be at the center of an illegal immigration investigation. The men pleaded not guilty, and detention orders were placed on them because they were in the country illegally. “

Will next raid be at Columbia Farms?
Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer. September 6, 2008
Excerpt: “This summer’s arrests of 11 House of Raeford workers in Greenville shocked its S.C. work force. Dozens of workers have since left their jobs. The company is hiring fewer, if any, Latinos and has turned to state prisons to fill its production lines in West Columbia and Greenville.”

Feds Hold 300, Probe Hiring
Ames Alexander, Franco Ordonez, Franco. The Charlotte Observer. October 8, 2008
Excerpt: “Federal authorities conducted an immigration raid at Greenville’s Columbia Farms plant Tuesday, detaining more than 300 workers and searching for evidence of illegal hiring practices. As shifts at the chicken processing plant were changing at about 9 a.m., about 100 agents with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Department of Homeland Security raided the facility. When agents arrived, workers began running down hallways crying and screaming, said Herbert Rooker, a janitor who wore a blue band on his wrist, indicating agents had determined he was in the country legally. Rocker said he had to duck into a bathroum to avond a stampede of people.

Gallery: Immigration Raid at Poultry Plant.
Agents of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement division of the Department of Homeland Security executed a search warrant at the House of Raeford’s Columbia Farms chicken processing plant in Greenville, S.C., Tuesday, Oct. 7, 2008. Federal agents detained more than 300 suspected illegal immigrants in the raid at the plant that has been under investigation for months.(AP Photo/Greenville News, George Gardner)

Poultry Workers Torn Apart by Arrests
The State/Associated Press. October 9, 2008
Excerpt: “A day after the raid, families waited to bear from loved ones at detention centers. Meanwhile, businesses and streets were vacant because those not rounded up stayed home, afraid agents would return.”

Greenville Area Residents Aid Families of Suspected Illegals.
Post and Courier/Associated Press. October 12, 2008.
Excerpt: “The Greenville News reported Sunday that the Alliance for Collaboration with the Hispanic Community and local residents have met to identify lawyers, counselors, educators and interpreters to help the families. They also are trying to raise money and find people to care for the children of the jailed workers.”

Illegal workers set for deportation.
Post and Courier. November 19, 2008. 
Excerpt: “Ten former workers at a Greenville poultry plant who were in the U.S. illegally have pleaded guilty in federal court. Prosecutors said three of the men pleaded guilty Wednesday to false use of a Social Security number to get jobs at the House of Raeford’s Columbia Farms plant.”

Poultry plant fined
The State. November 21, 2008
“North Carolina regulators have cited a chicken processing company for 49 serious safety code violations, many involving hazardous chemicals. The Charlotte Observer reported the $178,000 fine levied against House of Raeford Farms is significant for the state’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration.”

2009

South Carolina poultry plant manager faces immigration charge
Post and Courier/Associated Press. April 15, 2009.
Excerpt: “Prosecutors say Barry Cronic began hiring illegal immigrants at Columbia Farms in Greenville in 2000, and kept hiring them until a raid last October. The raid found more than 300 people working at the plant who were in the county illegally.”

Poultry Plant Official Pleads Not Guilty
The State. May 15, 2009.
Excerpt: “The personnel manager of a Greenville poultry plant has not guilty to knowingly harboring illegal aliens.”

Feds Indict Columbia Farms
The State/Associated Press. July 17, 2009.
Excerpt: “The company that runs a South Carolina poultry plant knew it man managers were hiring illegal immigrants at a facility rated in October, federal prosecutor said, and an indictment release Thursday.”

Poultry Plant Manager Enters Plea
The State/Associated Press. July 31, 2009.
“Columbia Farms Greenville plant chief pleads, not guilty in immigration case. “

10 Workers Sue Columbia Farms Plant.
The Greenville News. August 1, 2009.
Excerpt: “Ten former employees have sued the Columbia Farms chicken processing plant in Greenville, alleging the company refused to pay overtime that they worked and, in one case, fired a worker after accusing her of faking a workplace injury.”

OSHA Seeks to Get Better Handle on Injuries
By Kerry Hall Singe and Ames Alexander. The Charlotte Observer. October 5, 2009.
Excerpt: “An Observer investigation found that North Carolina-based House of Raeford Farms failed to record some workplace injuries.
The poultry company’s 800-worker plant in West Columbia reported no musculoskeletal disorders over four years. Experts say that’s in-conceivable. MSDs, including carpal tunnel syndrome, are the most common work-related injuries afflicting poultry workers. The company’s Greenville plant has boasted of a five-year safety streak with no lost-time injuries. But the plant kept that streak alive by bringing injured employees back to the factory hours after surgery. House of Raeford says it follows the law and strives to protect workers.”

Poultry Giant to Pay Fine.
By James Alexander and Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer. November 4, 2009.
Excerpt: Columbia Farms will pay a $1.5 million fine and will be required to change its hiring practices under an agreement that will allow it to avoid a criminal conviction on federal immigration charges. The deal will also allow two indicted managers at the poultry company’s Greenville plant to avoid criminal prosecution, provided they enter a supervised program for a year. The agreement, finalized just hours before the start of the scheduled criminal trial in federal court in Greenville on Tuesday, will give N.C.-based parent company House of Raeford an opportunity to keep its record clean and hold on to valuable government contracts.

2012

North Carolina Poultry Processing Plant Convicted for Knowing Violations of Clean Water Act.
US-DOJ Office of Public Affairs Press Release. August 20, 2012. 
Excerpt:“Publicly owned wastewater treatment plants must be protected from companies that cut corners by discharging wastewater illegally,” said Maureen O’Mara, Special Agent in Charge of of EPA Region 4, which covers the southeast United States including North Carolina.  “The defendants in this case deliberately discharged turkey parts, blood and grease into the wastewater plant for over 16 months, bypassing treatment.  Today’s conviction sends the message that the American public will not tolerate companies putting profit ahead of compliance.”
See also: EPA Summary of Criminal Prosecutions

Poultry processor, House of Raeford, to pay fine for child labor violations at Teachey, North Carolina plant following US Department of Labor investigation.
Department of Labor press release. October 16, 2012.
Excerpt: “The U.S. Department of Labor has assessed a total of $12,400 in civil money penalties against poultry processor House of Raeford Farms Inc. following an investigation by the department’s Wage and Hour Division that found minors performing hazardous duties prohibited by the Fair Labor Standards Act’s child labor provisions. “Employers who hire young workers must comply with all federal and state regulations intended to keep our youth safe on the job,” said Richard Blaylock, director of the division’s Raleigh District Office. “This situation is particularly disappointing because the company previously was cited for the same type of violation. It is critical for employers to learn about and comply with the child labor provisions of America’s labor laws.”

Big U.S. poultry processor hit with fines over youth labor
By Ames Alexander and Franco Ordonez. The Charlotte Observer/McClathey News.October 17, 2012
Excerpt: “This is not the first time House of Raeford, one of the largest poultry producers in the country. has been caught employing underage workers. During a 2008 immigration raid of the company’s Greenville plant, federal officials found six juveniles, including a 15-year-old, working on the chicken line. One of those underage workers, Lucero Gayton, said in 2008 that she started working the night shift four months after turning 15. While most of her former classmates were playing sports and attending dances, Lucero said she was working 10-hour shifts, wielding a sharp knife, cutting muscles from thousands of freshly-killed chickens.”

2014

Man trapped, injured Tuesday night at chicken processing plant. .
By Anne-Kathryn Flanagan. The State. June 4, 2014.
A man was taken to the hospital after being trapped in a piece of machinery at the chicken processing plant for almost two hours, according to West Columbia Fire Chief Wyatt Coleman.
Injured House of Raeford Worker Recovering After Surgery
WATTPoultry. June 14, 2014
An employee at the House ofRaeford Farms chicken processing plant in West Columbia, South Carolina, wasinjured June 3 in a work-related accident. The 43-year old man was operatingfactory machinery and suffered severe injuries to his right leg, the company stated.

2017

ProPublica: Sold for Parts
The New Yorker: Exploitation and Abuse at the Chicken Plant
By Michael Grabell. Story co-published by ProPublica and The New Yorker. May 1, 2017.
Excerpt: Case Farms built its business by recruiting immigrant workers from Guatemala, who endure conditions few Americans would put up with.
[Note: While House of Raeford is mentioned on a graph in this story, this article is about a different chicken plant, Case Farms].

Pressure mounts on chicken factory to clean up or move
By Al Dozier. Post and Courier. July 16, 2017
Excerpt: The city of West Columbia is losing patience with House of Raeford Farms, a long-standing chicken processing plant on Sunset Boulevard.

Chicken Plant Doesn’t Fit with Riverfront Renaissance.
By Tim Flach. The State. August 27, 2017.
West Columbia’s riverfront has undergone a renaissance, with joggers and cyclists almost daily enjoying the riverwalk and two upscale neighborhoods opening in the last decade. But city leaders and nearby residents worry that continued development will be stymied by an increasingly unpopular neighbor – a 60-year-old chicken processing plant that produces 281 million pounds of meat a year. Residents complain mainly about frequent bad odors and chicken feathers.

Stench near W. Columbia’s popular Riverwalk may improve as city targets plant
By Tim Flach. The State. October 18, 2017. 
The City Council late Monday gave initial approval to a set of restrictions on “offensive” odors that disturb residents, with final adoption expected by mid-November. Complaints about stench from the 60-year-old plant on Sunset Boulevard are increasing as new neighborhoods and businesses develop nearby.Councilman Tem Miles called the proposal a message to the House of Raeford to end problems at the plant. “This is telling them to clean up their act, that the smells are no longer acceptable,” he said.

Why West Columbia chicken plant is getting a reprieve on tougher stench rules
By Tim Flach. The State. November 10, 2017.
West Columbia officials are giving a chicken processing plant more time to stop odors before they crack down on the stench. “We’re pushing it off for a while to see if they can come up with a solution for the problem,” Mayor Bobby Horton said of proposed limits on odors. City Council members gave initial approval Oct. 16 to a set of restrictions on “offensive” odors that disturb residents. They were set to give final approval next Tuesday but that is on hold for a few months, Horton said.

Who Would Pay $27,000 to Work in a Chicken Plant?
By Michael Grabbel. ProPublica. December 28, 2017
Chicken plants have recruited thousands of foreign workers in recent years through a little-known program to fill jobs they say Americans won’t do.

Wilde said immigration agents are questioning why white-collar Koreans would want to pay tens of thousands of dollars to cut chicken. “They are sacrificing themselves for the futures of their children,” she said. “That is no different than any other immigrants in American history.”

Based in Rose Hill, North Carolina — home of the world’s largest frying pan — House of Raeford ranks among Apple, Google, Microsoft and Amazon as one of the biggest sponsors of green cards. The chicken processor, which employs 4,300 people at seven plants, has applied for 1,900 foreign workers in the last three years, according to Labor Department data. The company also ranks among the most dangerous poultry processors in the country, according to a ProPublica analysis of safety violations, with many workers suffering crippling hand injuries.

2018

With chicken plant odor unders scrutiny, city lodges new way for public to complain.
WIS – TV. May 11, 2018.

Top broiler companies targeted in new lawsuit
WATTPoultry. July 2, 2018.
The largest broiler companies in the United States have again been targeted in a class-action lawsuit, alleging that the companies conspired to manipulate chicken prices.


Kenneth N. Young, Plaintiff, v. Columbia Farms, Inc., a division of House of Raeford Farms, Inc., Defendant.
CaseText: C/A No. 6:17-cv-01340-DCC  09-05-2018 
https://casetext.com/case/young-v-columbia-farms-inc
Plaintiff, an African-American, was employed from February 13, 2013 to October 6, 2016. Id. at 3. Plaintiff alleges that his supervisors regularly greeted him in the mornings with phrases that included, “How ya doing, my Niggas?” Plaintiff filed a complaint with the plant manager, and, while the supervisor stopped using the phrase, tension remained. On or about September 30, 2016, Plaintiff was threatened by another employee wielding a knife, and Plaintiff defended himself to avoid being stabbed. Defendant suspended Plaintiff for three days and then immediately terminated his employment upon his return. He was 61 years old at the time of his termination.

Environmental Integrity Project: Water Pollution from Slaughterhouses
October 19, 2018
Three Quarters of U.S. Meat Processing Plants that Discharge into Waterways Violated their Permits, 2016-2018


2019

Worker Dies in Accident at House of Raeford Plant
October 30, 2019.
WATTPoultry. A contracted worker who was cleaning equipment at the House of Raeford poultry plant in Teachey, North Carolina, was involved in a fatal accident at the plant on October 25.

2020


Meat plant workers say they were fired after protesting risks.
By David Travis Bland. The State. May 7, 2020
About a dozen workers at a chicken processing plant in West Columbia were fired Wednesday after protesting for better pay and working conditions amid the coronavirus, according to some of those who said they were fired. Workers at the House of Raeford chicken plant refused to work under what they consider hazardous conditions without pay to compensate for the increased dangers of the coronavirus, the protesters told The State as they congregated on the sidewalk across Sunset Boulevard from the plant.



Union Investigating Workers’ Complaints at West Columba Chicken Plant
By David Travis Bland. The State. May 9, 2020
The United Food and Commercial Workers Union is investigating complaints and a protest by workers at a chicken processing plant in West Columbia, according to a spokesperson for the union. On Thursday, a protest by a dozen or more workers asking for better pay and working conditions broke out on the sidewalk across from the House of Raeford chicken processing plant, sometimes called Columbia Farms, on Sunset Boulevard. The UFCW’s meat packing division is investigating the origins of that protest and whether the House of Raeford violated the union’s contract or federal labor law, spokesperson Valerie Barnhart said.

Union Files Grievance Against West Columbia Chicken Plant After Workers Fired
By David Travis Bland. The State. May 21, 2020.
The union for workers at a West Columbia chicken processing plant hit the company with an official allegation that the company broke its contract when about a dozen workers were fired after asking for better pay and better working conditions. The United Food and Commercial Workers Local 1996 filed the grievance against House of Raeford, which operates the West Columbia poultry plant sometimes called Columbia farms, after a May 6 protest by about a dozen workers. The workers wanted increased pay and better safety measures amid the increased risk of working during the coronavirus outbreak

Lawyers: Firing protesting workers at West Columbia chicken plant likely illegal
By David Travis Bland. The State. May 27, 2020.
Excerpt: “Supervisors at a West Columbia poultry processing facility may have violated federal law when they fired about a dozen employees who raised concerns about the facility’s safety and sought better pay amid the coronavirus outbreak, according to labor lawyers. On May 6, Naesha “Shay” Shelton and June Miller gathered with about a dozen other workers at the House of Raeford chicken processing plant in West Columbia to ask supervisors about getting hazard pay and better working conditions. More than ever, the job that involves cutting raw chicken by hand while standing next to co-workers seemed more dangerous because of the virus, workers said. Hearing news reports about the coronavirus swarming meatpacking workers across the country, Shelton, Miller and their coworkers felt their request for hazard pay and improved safety conditions were reasonable.”

Workers at SC Meat Plants Infected with COVID 19. Many Cases are in the Midlands
By Sammy Fretwell. The State. July 3, 2020.
Excerpt: “According to the agency’s statistics, about 58 percent of the 125 positive cases have occurred at Amick Farms and House of Raeford plants, mostly in the Columbia and Greenville areas. A total of 72 workers at Amick and Raeford facilities have been diagnosed with COVID 19, DHEC says.”

Investigation shows property, massive pile of dead birds in Sampson County site belong to House of Raeford.
WRAL News, Rose Hill, NC. February 9, 2022.
Heather Overton, a spokeswoman for the state Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, said the dead birds and the site where the birds were temporarily dumped belonged to House of Raeford, a chicken processing company known for its bulk sales.

2022

2023

House of Raeford in NC taking part in USDA’s Modified Line Speed Waiver Program Participation to determine the impact of increased line speeds on worker safety. March 2023.

Latest settlement in poultry price fixing suit brings recovery to $284 million.
By Rachael Oatman. Meat+ Poultry. October 10, 2023.
A class of direct purchasers agreed to a $75 million settlement with two poultry processors involved in a consolidated antitrust lawsuit for allegedly conspiring to fix prices of US broiler chicken.House of Raeford Farms Inc. agreed to pay $27.5 million, and Koch Foods Inc. agreed to pay $47.5 million. With the settlement, the total recovery to date is over $284 million.

2024

House of Raeford reaches settlement and Price fixing case.
By Rachael Oatman. Meat + Poultry. January 5, 2024.
House of Raeford Farms agreed to pay $460,000 in a settlement of a chicken price-fixing lawsuit with Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson. The attorney began his lawsuit against the house of Raeford and 18 other chicken producers in 2021. He alleged that the companies, which account for 95% of the broiler market, conspired to manipulate prices by restraining production and exchanging competitively sensitive information. 

Complaint: Milton Byrd, Plaintiff, Vs. House of Raeford Farms,, Inc. Defendant.

Violation Tracker, a database on corporate misconduct. House of Raeford entries from 2000 to the present.

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