Category Archives: October 2023

Ninety-Seven Years Ago Today: The Lowman Lynchings

Most stories start at the beginning. A few are better told starting at the end.  The Lowman story almost defies such timelines and is perhaps best told starting somewhere in the middle, during the dark morning hours of Friday, October 8th, 1926.

It was between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m. on October 8, 1926, when Damon Lowman — who had received, only hours earlier, a verdict of not guilty in the murder of the Aiken County sheriff —  was forcibly removed from the Aiken Jail on Chesterfield Street, along with his sister, Bertha, and his cousin, Clarence, both of whom were expected to be cleared the next day of the same charge. The three were then driven to a pine thicket several miles down the road, where they were shot and killed by a mob of men numbering from 17 to 2,000, depending upon which account you believe.

This horrific crime would undergo investigations by grand juries and by the governor’s office, as well as the NAACP and the New York World newspaper, whose findings were published in newspapers across the country, drawing the national spotlight and condemnation onto the town of Aiken. For a few months in 1926, it seemed rare justice might be served but, ultimately, it came to nothing. The questions stopped being asked, and the articles trickled to none. The expectations for justice disappeared entirely. In their place emerged a particular silence that persists to this day.

I didn’t learn about the story until 2004. I heard about it from my father during one of our many long conversations during that last year of his life. He had first learned about it during the 1980s through his work with Aiken’s NAACP, in which he was a long-time member.

In the course of his research into the story, my father had interviewed Lowman family acquaintances, through whom he learned the Lowman story, which began some 18 months before the lynchings. He put the story to paper, starting with these words:

On a sunny Saturday morning on April 25, 1925, there were several women and children in the extended Lowman family working about the yard and house of their Monetta home, variously involved in their daily chores — cooking the noonday meal, bathing the baby, making soap and sweeping the yard.  Within minutes, this pastoral scene would be violently disrupted.

My father did fine justice to the story but was limited by the information available to him. Five years after his death, I found myself returning to the story, taking his draft and building on it. I wish he’d lived long enough to read the scholarly account by historian Elizabeth Robeson, who is, today, the consummate authority on this history. Or the stories written by Pam Durban. I know he would have been gratified.

Elizabeth Robeson’s work can be found in the chapter titled, “An Ominous Defiance,” in the 2008 book, “Toward the Meeting of the Waters: Currents in the Civil Rights Movement of South Carolina during the Twentieth Century,” available for purchase at USC Press. “An Ominous Defiance,” can be read here in Google Books.

A 2014 Bernice Bennet interview at Blog Talk Radio with Elizabeth Robeson and Patricia Lowman Pryor, granddaughter to Bertha Lowman, gives further detail to the background of the story including the histories leading up to and following the triple lynchings.

Aiken native Pam Durban, winner of the Lillian Smith Book Award, brought perspective to other characters in the Lowman story through her novel, “The Tree of Forgetfulness,” a compelling read that can be purchased at any major bookseller, including Barnes and Noble. Pam Durban also has a short piece titled, “A Southern Story” on this history that is worthy of finding.

Today, some ninety-seven years later, the Lowman family is remembered with the ongoing hope of establishing support for placing a historic marker at the site of the former jail on the grounds of the Aiken County Courthouse: a physical piece of evidence to say that, yes, this history was important and, yes, these three human souls remain worthy of our honor and remembrance.

_____________

Cast Your Vote in the County Council District 8 Special Election this October: What You Need to Know

To confirm your voter registration, precinct, and county council seat number CLICK HERE.

NOTE: Be sure to confirm your polling location per the chart, (further down the page), as a few precincts have been combined for this special election.

James Hankinson (R)
P.K. Hightower (D)

EARLY VOTING
Early voting for County Council District 8 special election began Monday, October 2 and will continue through Friday, October 13, weekdays only, from 8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.

PRIMARY DAY VOTING
Primary Election Day is on Tuesday, October 17, 2023 from 7:00 a.m. – 7:00 p.m.

EARLY VOTING
MONDAY, OCTOBER 2 – FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13

The Aiken County Government Center
Suite 1200

1930 University Parkway
Aiken, SC 29801

SPECIAL ELECTION DAY VOTING
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 17

NOTE:

  • Aiken No. 2 and Six Points have been combined.
  • Couchton and Levels 72 have been combined.

Highlighting indicates combined precincts.

For info on precincts and other voter-related issues, call the Aiken County Department of Registration and Elections at 803-642-2028.

The Aiken Chronicles welcome questions on the election/voting process and will do our best to find answers. Please, no back and forth debates on national politics and issues. Many thanks. 🌿

The Amentum Model: A Corporate Coup


Corporate Coup:
Part Two in a Three-Part Story

1998-1999: The Playhouse Considers a Move
2000-2001: The Amentum Model: “Corporate Coup”
NEXT: 2002: The Amentum Model: “Loosey Goosey”

The super-sized January 28, 2000 Aiken Standard headline was subtitled, “Government Services picks Aiken for HQ” — a development that signaled a paradigm shift in the Playhouse project. Newberry Hall had been the site of an announcement that day, “sure to keep area economic development officials and downtown business owners grinning for months.”11

According to the article, Morrison Knudsen Government Services Group, (GSG) “decided to locate its corporate headquarters in downtown Aiken.” The new building was to be located on Newberry Street at the site of the Mark II theater and other properties purchased six months earlier by the City. 

Governor Jim Hodges, Mayor Cavanaugh and other dignitaries were on hand for the occasion. Governor Hodges said “Today’s announcement reaffirms the long-standing partnership between Westinghouse and the Aiken community… and strengthens that commitment to economic development.” 11

Mayor Cavanaugh said, “It’s a great time here for Aiken,”11 and expressed hope that folks attending meetings and conferences would be inspired to move to Aiken. 

Morrison Knudsen GSG was holder of a number of defense contracts, including the Westinghouse Savannah River Co. contract. Morrison Knudsen GSG’s new corporate headquarters was estimated to cost $3 million dollars and would share the building space with the Aiken Community Playhouse. The expected move-in date was spring 2001. The GSG side of the building was to be funded through private sources, and the playhouse side through public funding. The City of Aiken, (owner of the property) and the Aiken Corporation were to oversee the work, including both the construction and design stages, which were slated to begin immediately. 

Below the fold on the front page with this January 28, 2000 headline was a smaller headline, that read, “Sharing the Stage,” which described the building that would house the new Morrison Knudsen GSG headquarters. Designed by McDonald Law, the structure was described as a “two story brick structure comprised of two 18,000 square foot facilities joined by a 2,500 square foot, two-story lobby and courtyard.” At the top of the article was an architectural rendering of the building that exists there today. 

One can only imagine the amount of work it must have taken behind the scenes over the prior six months to pull together this done deal. Taking center stage was the SRS contractor, whose move-in date was just over a year away.

February 9, 2000: Sub-Chapter S Corporation to own the Westinghouse side of the building

The Aiken Corporation board discussed several key issues in their February meeting, including:

  • The logistics of building ownership. Morrison Knudsen GSG, now referred to as Westinghouse, didn’t want to own the building, nor did the City, which desired the ability to collect taxes on the property.
  • The logistics of leasing the building and the impact that long-term leasing might have on the Aiken Corporation’s tax-exempt status.
  • The possibility of establishing a sub-chapter S-Corporation and revising the organization’s charter to address some of these issues.

Excerpts from the Aiken Corporation minutes 2/9/2000
(Click images to view full size)

March 7, 2000: Aiken Corporation to own the Westinghouse side of the building

The Aiken Corporation met on March 7. In the wake of City Council’s recent vote to sell approximately one half of the Newberry properties at cost to the Aiken Corporation, the board discussed their willingness to develop “the Westinghouse property,” the terms of the loan necessary to doing this, and the proposed leasing agreement with Westinghouse. A motion was made and approved to move forward with the development, ownership and leasing of the Westinghouse property in close cooperation with the City.

Buzz Rich was to develop a lease with Westinghouse and an agreement between the City of Aiken and the Aiken Corporation. Speed was of the essence, as Westinghouse desired occupying the facility by this same time next year.

The wisdom of establishing a subchapter S corporation was raised, and agreement was reached to seek a second opinion.

Excerpt from Aiken Corporation minutes 3/7/2000
(Click image to view full size)

April 12, 2000: City of Aiken to own Westinghouse side of the building. Also: Project costs exceed original estimates.

Discussion in the April 2000 Aiken Corporation meeting focused on the the updated construction costs for the Playhouse, which had exceeded original estimates. Discussion ensued on additional funding sources.

It was also determined that, due to the requirement for a “firewall” to separate property owners, the Aiken Corporation would not own the Westinghouse building, after all, but would instead lease the property from the City and lease the building to Westinghouse.

Excerpt from Aiken Corporation minutes 4/12/2000
(Click on image to view full size)

May 2, 2000 newspaper headline: “Westinghouse deal discussed by City Council”12

Aiken City Council held a special meeting to work out the logistics of the planned  home for Westinghouse and the Playhouse. Counsel passed two memorandums of understanding (MOUs) regarding the new building to be constructed where the “abandoned” Mark Twin Cinema and the Whittle Building currently stood. One MOU was to specify the role between the City and Aiken Corporation regarding ownership of the Westinghouse side of the building. 

The second MOU concerned the Playhouse side of the building. The shell of this portion of the building would be constructed by the City, but the Playhouse would be responsible for finishing the interior. The City’s expenses were not to exceed $1.5 million for the construction.

Importantly, the second MOU also addressed concerns over the Playhouse’s inability to raise sufficient funds to relocate. It was decided that, if the Playhouse didn’t have an operational theater in the new building by January 1, 2003, the city had the right to terminate the MOU and/or lease. 

Lease arrangements on the building were formalized. The City owned the land; the Aiken Corporation would hold the lease on the WGSG side of the building which it would, in turn, lease to WGSG; the City would lease the other side to the Aiken Community Playhouse for $1 per year. 

According to Aiken Corporation’s May 2000 meeting minutes, the organization entered into a MOU with Westinghouse for a 10-year lease. They agreed to form the Subchaper S Corporation, LED. This would resolve issues over activities that were not included in the Aiken Corporation’s charter and/or could threaten their tax-exempt status.

Excerpts from Aiken Corporation minutes May 10, 2000
(Click on image to view full size)

June 14, 2000: The $3.5 Million Westinghouse Property

Aiken Corporation was working on finalizing the MOU for a 99-year lease with the City of Aiken, with discussion and agreements being forged on costs for the mortgage, maintenance, and parking. All area banks, except Wachovia, signed a commitment letter for permanent financing for the Westinghouse building.

Motions were made and passed for Aiken Corporation to:

  • Purchase part of the lot with the blue house (on Chesterfield) for Westinghouse parking, with the cost of the land, demolition and paving to be rolled into the Westinghouse lease payment.
  • Purchase steel outside of the contract for General Contractor.
  • Enter into a circulated loan agreement with the City of Aiken for a mortgage of, at a maximum, $3,500,000 for the construction of the Westinghouse property .
  • Open a checking account for construction, plus another account for lease payments.

Excerpts from Aiken Corporation minutes 6/14/2000
(Click image to view full size)

June 29, 2000 headline: “Building set to begin for new ACP location.”13

The low bid for the construction had been submitted by local contractor H.G. Reynolds. The demolition of the Newberry Street buildings was scheduled for July, pending the signing of the final lease agreements. The winner of the contract was to build the shell of the building, and complete the interior on the Westinghouse Government Services Group (WGSG) side of the building. The “up fitting” of the playhouse side would be determined at the conclusion of the ACP’s 2001 fundraising campaign. 

July 12, 2000 headline: “Contributions pouring in for ACP campaign”14

With the demolition of the Mark II Theater and the next door Whittle bulding underway, donations began pouring into the Aiken Community Playhouse, which was tasked with raising $1.2 million to move into the building. Bechtel Savannah River and Weldon Wyatt each pledged $50,000, and Westinghouse pledged $400,000 to the campaign. The Subchapter S Corporation, LED, was now a major player in the Westinghouse project.

Excerpt from Aiken Corporation minutes 7/12/2000
(Click image for full-size view)

August 8, 2000: “Groundbreaking for ACP complex to be held Aug 21.”15

Ground was broken for what was now being described as a $6 million dollar project. Mayor Cavanaugh, called the project “the most diverse and most interesting public private partnership in perhaps the history of Aiken.”

It was thought that the visibility of the playhouse would be boosted by the presence and shared lobby with the SRS contractor, whose name had recently morphed again, this time from “Westinghouse GSG” to “Washington Government.”

The Playhouse had so far raised $250,000 to fund their half of the two-story building. By April 2001, the earlier-quoted $1.2 necessary to fund their half of the building would jump to $1.6 million.

Excerpt from Aiken Corporation minutes 8/9/2000
(Click image for full-size view)

August 2000-December 2001

For the following 18 months, from August 2000 onward, the hardworking playhouse group would hold numerous fundraisers and benefits, which included joint efforts with the larger community. With the help of the equestrian community, the playhouse held a series of benefits, including polo matches, a carriage parade, and a dinner dance. A champagne brunch was held at Whitney Field and Ford Conger Field.

The Women of Woodside held a garden party and a home tour. Numerous Aiken homes were opened to tour and events to benefit the playhouse, including Joyce Cottage and Nancy Wilds’ 18th century Zahara Plantation. In May 2001, a large donation by Mr. and Mrs. R. Dale Phelon put the fundraiser over the $1 million mark. The new auditorium was to be named in their honor. A “design house event” was held in a Kalmia Hills home in September 2001 to benefit the playhouse. During the December 2001 holidays, the playhouse held a dinner theater benefit.

Various excerpts from Aiken Corporation minutes16 during construction provide a glimpse into the scramble of activities between financing, fundraising, leasing agreements, and creating parking spaces for what was now being called “The Washington Group/Playhouse.”

Two Asides: Willow Run and the Railroad Depot

Among the items of interest in the 2000-2001 Aiken Corporation minutes was the Aiken Corporation’s purchase of the “Willow Run” property on Beaufort Street to build a spec building — a private-public development project that promised to lure industry to the site. The spec building was completed in 2003. Afterward, it stood unoccupied and unsold for almost 20 years before the property finally sold, and the building was demolished. The year is 2023. A readily-accessed financial accounting of this venture, from start to finish, should be made available to the public.

Excerpt from Aiken Corporation minutes 10/10/2001
(Click image for full-size view)

Also among the 2000-2001 Aiken Corporation minutes were ongoing, early negotiations with Friends of the Railroad Depot regarding the “reconstruction” of a railroad depot on the grounds of the former Southern Railway passenger station that the City demolished in 1954. The Railroad Depot would finally be constructed in 2008-2010, drawing even more controversy then the Washington Group/Playhouse project.

Excerpt from Aiken Corporation minutes 11/8/2000
(Click image for full-size view)

A Mammoth Yard Sale

In late January 2002, the Aiken Community Playhouse capped off their 18-month fundraising efforts with a “mammoth yard sale.” Two weeks later, the Aiken Corporation’s chickens would come home to roost.

Next: The Amentum Model: “Loosey Goosey”

11. Burton, Adam, “Corporate Coup,” Aiken Standard, January 28, 2000.
12. Burton, Adam, “Westinghouse Deal Discussed by City CouncilAiken Standard, May 2, 2000
13. Burton, Adam, “Building Set to Begin for New ACP Location,” Aiken Standard, June 29, 2000
14. Burton, Adam, “Contributions Pouring in for ACP Campaign,” Aiken Standard, July 12, 2000
15. Burton, Adam, “Groundbreaking for ACP Complex to Be Held Aug 21,” Aiken Standard, August 8, 2000.
16: Excerpts (below) from various Aiken Corporation minutes from Nov 2000-Dec 2001. Click to view full size.

The Ants at Our Feet

By Burt Glover
October 1, 2023

I have not written much in the past few weeks, the reason being that I have been overwhelmed. It all started innocently one day, while sitting in my backyard scanning the treetops for birds, I happened to look down at the (ahem!) slightly overgrown lawn at my feet, and there they were… ants. Ants of various colors and sizes; ants scurrying over every blade of grass; ants feeding on small wildflowers; ants scouring the ground.

Taking an afternoon walk, I photographed some of the ant mounds along the sidewalk in my neighborhood. My big mistake was pondering, “I wonder what kind of ants these are?” Since then, my mind has been in a tizzy.

As it turns out, it’s difficult to find information about ants, unless you’re looking for one of the hundreds of articles on fire ants. There are apparently hundreds of other ant species in the southeastern U.S., but the lion’s share of university research and information is is on fire ants and how to kill them.

Don’t get me wrong. I did find some articles on non-fire ants. These articles explained whether my ants were monomorphic or polymorphic, analysis of male genitalia, whether they are monogynous or polygynous, etc. This was, maybe, a little more than I was looking for. 

In the South, talk of ants usually leads straight to, “Fire ants… kill!” It is the same for any ant that may happen into kitchen, lawn or garden. “Kill!”

Pest control companies respond by drenching house and garden with insecticide poisons. According to popular belief, there is no such thing as a good ant. To be an ant is, in itself, akin to an act of war. Mention of this draws me into memories of the 1960’s. Like, wow, man. 

It was in early May of 1967 when the B-17s descended on Aiken. Simultaneously, orange-red balloons were strategically placed above the fields adjacent to Kennedy Jr. High. The students milled around on the playground, doing what adolescent teens do on a barren playground during their lunch period. Suddenly, the air filled with a deafening roar and the ground shook.

A giant B-17 bomber appeared overhead, flying at treetop level as it dropped its payload — insecticide bait, Mirex, targeted to kill fire ants. One student who witnessed this spectacle recalled years later, “The bait rained down. It smelled nasty- a chemical scent- but it wasn’t enough to make anyone go inside. I watched, hoping the plane would hit the balloons. It was cool!”

All in all, this poisoned bait was broadcast over at least 100,000 acres in the CSRA that May, followed by subsequent applications months later, and then more in the following years, up into the 1970’s.

In 1967, very few people had ever heard of, or even seen a fire ant. Clemson and USDA representatives had to hold county meetings to apprise farmers and landowners of the dangers of this ant. “Over 13% of our land has been overtaken by fire ants. We must eradicate them completely.”

Mirex was purported to target only the invasive fire ant, and be totally harmless to native ant species, wildlife, and humans. It was an easy sell. Despite their efforts, or maybe because of them, fire ant populations exploded in our state.

After dropping 550,000 lbs. of Mirex on Southern lands over those years, the results of this pesticide use were beginning to be known. Surprise! This poison is long-lived in the soil, the water, and in the bodies of animals who are exposed, or eat other animals who are exposed. Turtles, fish, birds, people, bears, coyotes, shrimp, crabs…. you name it — all with dangerous levels in their bodies. The pesticide accumulates and stays in fat cells for decades, affecting liver health and reproductive success. It was banned by the EPA in 1976, then unanimously banned by convention worldwide as one of the 12 worst pesticides in 1978.

So, what did the massive kill campaign of the 60’s-70’s accomplish? Well, the claims of “not hurting native ant species” turned out to be totally wrong. Yes, fire ants are bad guys who can dominate indigenous species — but only if they can gain a foothold. In my opinion, the 1960s era poison campaigns carried unintended consequences, wiping out the only reliable check on their spread: native, indigenous ants. It was the extirpating of native ants that fully opened the door for fire ant invasion.

I realize that fire ants are a problem. They can and sometimes do kill anything and everything in their path — turtles, alligators, baby bunnies, baby birds, lizards and their eggs, butterfly larvae…. everything! And as anyone who has ever stepped on a fire and nest could attest, it takes less than 2 seconds to rouse a stinging rebuke.

Step on a fire ant mound and see what happens.

Fire ants also inflict large-scale damage to agricultural crops. The damage can be seen on a smaller scale in home gardens. In my mother’s garden, fire ants chew holes in the okra flowers. The also farm aphids on the plants, which suck juices from the young fruit, producing hard nodules on the pods. Fire ants also frequent the flowers in her yard, with heavy visits to her “Dr. Tinsley” camellias, which sometimes exude copious nectar.

In my extensive reading over the past three weeks, I have found what may be effective in both the short and long term — spot control. It seems that selective treatment is key. By killing or subduing only the individual colony, rather than all the ants on the property, enables native ants to gain control and, over the longer term, keep the invasive populations in check.

Spot control can be done with boiling water– maybe 3 gallons worth– poured over a mound in your yard. Another spot control method used with success is an extremely dilute solution of D-limonene doused/sprayed onto the mound or trail. D-limonene is derived from citrus peels and can be bought as a food additive or cleaner on Amazon. 

Eliminating your fire ant colonies may give you a chance to pat yourself on the back and give a hardy “Har, har, har.” But as the saying goes, be careful what you wish for. There are other introduced ants that may fill the void left by fire ants. Argentine ants? Maybe. Crazy ants? Oh lord, you’ll be wishing for good ol’ fire ants after the crazy ants take control.

Watching the numerous ant species in my yard, I suddenly realized that there were no fire ants in the mix. Only a coalition of co-existing other ants, hopefully not invasive, competing for their space. I managed to identify two native species in my yard and learn about their life cycles and habits. This led me to wonder how ants fit into the larger scheme of things. Researching this, my eyes were opened wide. My next question became, “Could our ecosystem survive without ants?”

The short answer is “No.”

Ants are natural “farmers” in our forests, fields and yards. They build their extensive nests, sometimes as deep as 25 feet, multiple times per year; in the process they cycle the inaccessible soil nutrients to the surface, making them more available to plants and trees. This effect is the equivalent of turning over 1.36 tons of soil per acre per year.

Additionally, their tunnels provide needed channels for air and water to access the roots of those plants and trees. If that were not enough, their waste products and the food products they scavenge add to the fertility of the soil. These actions by ants have been determined to be superior to those provided by earthworms. Some human cultures introduce ants to their agricultural fields for just this purpose. It doesn’t hurt that these ants prey upon the pests that feed upon their crops. 

Whenever the health of any ecosystem is evaluated, ant diversity is always a factor. Ants are at the base of the food chain. They are a source of protein for so many other organisms. Baby bears love to feed on them. Woodpeckers rely on them heavily. Turkeys, hummingbirds, coyotes, spiders (especially the wolf and jumping species), fish, lizards, snakes, dragonflies, toads, and so many other animals, eat ants as a source of sustenance.

On the flip side, ants prey on those species that plague us humans– ticks, termites, stink bugs, chiggers, caterpillars, housefly larvae, etc. They dispose of dead organisms that would otherwise amass in our own habitat. Ants move plant seeds to their nests, and some plants rely on this for seed dispersal. Some of the seeds are eaten; yet others germinate in the rich soil of their nests.

As of this evening, I am no longer in a tizzy. I never would have believed it, but I stand in awe of ants. They have been in existence for at least 140 million years and have established themselves into the ecological balance of nature. Human intervention has served to severely disrupt this balance, and we are seeing the effects. I am somewhat optimistic that maybe that balance may someday be reattained. And, I am optimistic, also, that, one of these days, I will be able to identify all of the fascinating ants that are scouring my yard. 

__________________

Contributor Burt Glover became an accidental naturalist during his earliest childhood days exploring the dirt roads, backyards, polo field and barns of the Magnolia-Knox-Mead neighborhood of 1950s Aiken. Birds are his first love, and he can identify an impressive range by song alone. He asserts that he is an observer, not an expert, on the topics of his writings, which range from birds, box turtles, frogs and foraging, to wasps, weeds, weather and beyond.

The Aiken Corporation’s Amentum Model: From Corporate Coup to Loosey Goosey

How the Aiken Corporation Transformed a $500k Project into a $7.7 Million Boondoggle

The Playhouse Considers a Move:
Part One in a Three-Part Story

1998-1999: The Playhouse Considers a Move
2000-2001: The Amentum Model: “Corporate Coup”
2002: The Amentum Model: “Loosey Goosey”

Advocates for the Aiken Corporation spent the summer of 2023 extolling the virtues of the “Amentum Model” which, we are to believe, represents the gold standard for public-private, mixed-use development projects in downtown Aiken. In reality, the Amentum Model — which should rightfully be called the Aiken Corporation Model — serves as a cautionary tale, whose lessons went unheeded 20 years ago.

What Does the Aiken Corporation Do?

Ask five people to explain the Aiken Corporation and its relationship to the City, and you will likely get five different answers. Back in 2002, a City councilman described the Aiken Corporation as a “child” of the City. Last week, during a City Council meeting, Mayor Rick Osbon described it as, “almost like a cousin to the City.”

In this same meeting, Aiken Corporation Board Chairman Buzz Rich described the relationship as simply, “a public-private partnership.”

Earlier that same day, in an Aiken Corporation Executive meeting, Aiken Corporation Secretary Sam Erb described the organization as a “Community Development Corporation.”

Most people, if asked — including those who have been following the stories on Aiken Corporation over the years — would likely answer with variations of, “It’s convoluted,” or “It’s confusing,” or, “I don’t understand.”

Even City Council members had difficulty during a March 13, 2023 City Council meeting discussion on the approval of a “Resolution Authorizing the City of Aiken to Enter into a Professional Services Agreement with the Aiken Corporation” explaining what the Aiken Corporation does and doesn’t do. 

In simple terms, the Aiken Corporation is the development arm of the City of Aiken — a 501(c)3 organization “organized in 1995 exclusively for charitable purposes,” which include, according to its bylaws, “to promote and assist in the growth and development of downtown Aiken” and “to create a prosperous and sustainable future for the City and its citizens by diversifying and expanding its economy and to assist building Aiken as a distinctive and special community.”

Enter the Aiken Community Playhouse

When the Aiken Corporation approached the Aiken Community Playhouse in November 1998 about helping the theater group move downtown, it seemed the Aiken Corporation was serving its stated purpose. 

Up until this point, the Aiken Corporation had driven innovative development of unused and eyesore downtown properties to create in-town housing. This Playhouse project emerged as part of a larger vision to create a downtown arts district. The Playhouse project was, in fact, the genesis of the so-called Amentum Model — a project that went from costing an estimated $500,000 in 1998 to a towering $7.7 million in 2002, leaving everyone including City Council members, the local theater community, newspaper editors, and everyday citizens, grappling to explain what just happened. 

Explanations were peppered with terms like confusion, boondoggle, loosey-goosey, and fiasco. The emerging consensus blamed a lack of oversight and an absence of a clear budget for the cost overruns that were shelled out like so much Monopoly money. As the reality of the $7.7 million price tag settled in during the spring of 2002, calls were made for an independent, third-party audit to prevent another such boondoggle. This audit never happened.

That the “Amentum model” is now being used to promote the construction of another mammoth public-private, mixed-use development project in downtown Aiken — and with the same cast of characters at the helm — should cause alarm bells to ring. A review of the history is in order.

November 18, 1998 newspaper headline: ‘Playhouse may move to downtown theater.”1

On Tuesday, November 17, 1998 the members of the Aiken Downtown Development Association (ADDA), a committee which functions as a subsidiary of the Aiken Corporation, voted unanimously to become involved in helping the Aiken Community Playhouse move downtown. The decision was made for the the Aiken Corporation to place  an option to purchase the Mark II movie theater and an adjoining Newberry Street property to give the Playhouse board time to study and consider the idea. 

On the table at that time was the possible purchase and renovation of the Mark II Theater (also called the Mark Twin Theater) by the Aiken Community Playhouse for $137,000 plus a small parking area in the back, owned by Margaret Holley. The preliminary estimate for the cost of purchase and renovation of the Mark II theater came to about $500,000. 

This was no small price for an entirely self-supporting theater group that, for the past 50 years, had been delivering theatrical productions to the local stage through the all-volunteer efforts of a dedicated, hardworking theater community.

Mayor Cavanaugh supported the move and floated the idea of creating “tourist packages”2 which would include an evening of dining, theater, and accommodations in a local hotel.

Wade Brodie, ADDA board member and chairman of the Aiken Corporation, described the endeavor as part of a larger plan to build an entertainment district that would draw tourists to the downtown to eat in restaurants and stay in hotels.2

At the same time, Mr. Brodie cautioned that the Aiken Corporation might not be in a position to repay the loan to the City, should the theater group opt not to buy the property. According to Brodie, Aiken Corporation funds were already earmarked for other projects. 

November 24, 1998 newspaper headline: “Playhouse has time to consider move to downtown theater.”2

In late November 1998, Aiken City Council voted unanimously to lend the Aiken Corporation $12,500 for a pair of three-month options to hold the $137,000 Mark II property and the adjacent lot. The Aiken Corporation and the Aiken Community Playhouse (referred hereafter as either ACP or simply “the Playhouse”) were to work together to study the issue and develop a proposal within 90 days.

According to the Aiken Corporation’s November 20 meeting minutes, below, “Should the City get involved, the Playhouse has stated that they want autonomy and would want to own the building and retain control over the building and they type of plays they produce. “

Playhouse board member Thurmond Whatley was quoted in the November 24 newspaper article as saying, “We don’t want to move in and in two years be totally bankrupt. We would like to be a part of (downtown) if at all possible, but we are also quite content where we are.”2

During the Aiken Corporation’s executive meeting on November 20, 1998, various revenue sources were discussed for the half-million dollars needed to purchase and renovate the Mark II, including increased hospitality and accommodations taxes, Tax Increment Financing (TIF), Aiken 20/20 funds, donations and fundraising.

From the Aiken Corporation minutes 11/20/98
(Click for full-size view)

In a mere 3 months, the project’s $500,000 estimated cost would quintuple, and the Playhouse’s stated wishes to own and retain control of the building would go to the wayside.

December 9, 1999 A Feasibility Assessment.

Aiken Corporation chairman Wade Brodie stated in the Aiken Corporation’s December 9 meeting that a subcommittee of Aiken Corporation Executives and the Playhouse were meeting to assess within 90 days the feasibility of the theater making a downtown move.

March 9, 1999 newspaper headline: “Possible move draws applause”3

The Playhouse Committee met with Aiken City Council in a work session to discuss the findings of their feasibility assessment. It had been decided that, in order to remain viable, the building would have to be owned by the City. The Playhouse would take over operation of the theater, which could double as a conference center. The City could book conferences, while the theater took care of entertainment. 

According to architect McDonald Law, “a conceptual plan of the new playhouse would require the (Mark II Theater’s) existing 7,500 square feet be expanded to 15,000 square feet to make space for a backstage and workshop space .” He gave a conservative estimate of the cost at $2.5 million. 

The question then became, “How to pay for this project?”

March 9, 1999 newspaper headline: “Council votes on three taxes in one night.”4

The news that City Council was pushing to raise taxes through a 5% franchise fee on SCE&G customers, a 3% accommodations tax, and a 2% hospitality tax drew hot response in a March 8, 1999 City Councilmeeting. Citizens who came prepared to speak were asked to hold their comments until a planned public hearing to take place during the March 22 City Council meeting.

March 10, 1999 letter to the editor: “Voices concern over playhouse proposal” 5

Veteran Playhouse board member, volunteer and actress, Ginger Ingram — one of the pillars of Aiken’s theater community — wrote a letter to the editor of the local paper expressing concern among Playhouse supporters over the lack of communication being received on the downtown proposal. She also pointed out that the existing Playhouse at the corner of Price Avenue and Two Notch Road was entirely self-supporting; their building was paid for, and they had plenty of parking — claims that could not be made of the proposed downtown location. 

March 22, 1999: Public hearing and second readings on the “triple tax” proposals; ordinance to amend the City Code to adopt a a local Accommodations Tax and local Hospitality Tax.

Over 275 citizens were in attendance at the Monday night City Council meeting to voice their positions on two new taxes:

  • A proposed 3% Accommodations Tax to be imposed on any business providing accommodations with 6 rooms or more and would be placed on any rental providing lodging for 90 days or less, and
  • A proposed 2% Hospitality Tax imposed on the gross sales from the sale of prepared meals and beverages sold in local restaurants, fast food establishments, grocery stores and convenience stores in the City of Aiken.

All proceeds from these taxes were to be used for the promotion of tourism and cultural related projects. The purpose was to finance nearly $12 million worth of specific projects, including $1.5 million for the theater project.



From the Aiken City Council meeting minutes 3/22/1999
Click for full-size view.

The public was assured that, once these projects were fully paid and their debts satisfied, the tax would be repealed by ordinance.

After a series of statements from Aiken Community Playhouse veterans, board members and other citizens — a more or less even mix of pro and con viewpoints, with Playhouse leadership largely in support of the new taxes — the discussion was turned over to council members.

Councilman Skipper Perry offered the lone voice of dissent. He pointed out that, when the above-listed projects had been prioritized in 1997, the city had been thinking about issuing bonds, not raising taxes. He was also concerned about the lack of specificity in the budgets for the projects and the absence of end date for the taxes. He asserted that that the proposed tax would affect the people who could afford to pay it the least. The motion passed with a 6-1 vote, with Councilman Skipper Perry opposed.

From the March 22, 1999 Aiken City Council meeting minutes.
(Click to view full size).

April 1, 1999 newspaper headline: “Theater closes suddenly”6

The Mark II Theater suddenly closed without notice or explanation, disappointing local parents, who looked forward to the wildly popular, annual children’s film festivals in summer, with tickets costing only 50-cents each.  While the theater is sometimes depicted in modern lore as an abandoned building, this was not the case.

May 12, 1999 Aiken Corporation discusses the Whittle Building; the Playhouse project changes shape.

According to the May 12 Aiken Corporation minutes, “The current thinking about the Playhouse is that it could be a t-shaped building and sell/lease land for commercial purposes in front of the playhouse. To do so requires entering into an option for the Whittle Building. Mr. Brodie and Mr. Brodie (sic) will work to enter into an option using interest money to secure the option. Mr. LeDuc encouraged the group to write the sale of the land into the business plan for the theater.”

Also:

A motion was made by Mr. Tim Simmons, then seconded by Sam Erb to authorize Wade Brodie and Buzz Rich to negotiate with Mr. Lewis Whittle to purchase the Whittle Building for the development of the Playhouse. Mr. Brodie indicated that the option should not exceed $1,000. Motion passed.

From the Aiken Corporation minutes 5/12/1999
(Click to view full size)

June 10, 1999 newspaper headline: “Playhouse project remains on track for moving to downtown Aiken.”7

On June 9, the Aiken Corporation held a meeting during which the capital cost estimates were reviewed. According the June 10 story in the local paper, funding would be “derived from a $1.5 million investment from the city, $80,000 from the sale of two lots once the project is completed, $12,500 from the sale of half of the Holley lot, $175,000 from the existing playhouse location, $75,000 from existing playhouse equipment, $75,000 from three years of accommodations tax revenue, $12,000 from continuance of Whittle Building rent, and a $441,086 capital campaign” for a total of $2,370,586. “7

Committee member Skipper Perry appeared to be the lone voice of skepticism, saying that he wanted to see “more evidence that the project will succeed, and not create undue hardship on the playhouse or other entities involved.”7

The now-$2.37 million plan called for the purchase and demolition of both buildings. The Aiken Corporation board voted to recommend that City Council proceed with the project. The motion passed, with member Skipper Perry abstaining.

From the Aiken Corporation minutes 6/9/1999
(Click to view full size)

June 13 letter to the editor: “Voices concern about playhouse move.”8

On June 13, 1999, another letter from Ginger Ingram appeared in the local paper. She questioned a recent front page story that had called the downtown move a certainly, when the decision had yet to be approved by council. She said there’d never been a poll of the Playhouse membership, nor Aiken citizens. She urged a poll and offered her opinion that the same level of citizen participation that had recently been given to a downtown statue should also be given to this decision on the theater. She urged concerned citizens to attend the June 14 City Council meeting. 

On June 14, 1999, notice was mailed from the ACT Board of Directors to Playhouse members outlining the plans to relocate to downtown by 2002.8 Aiken City Council was scheduled to vote that same day on approval for the downtown theater project as a capital project. 

June 14, 1999 newspaper headline: “Playhouse relocation on City Council Agenda.”9

Discussion among Council grew contentious during the work session, with Councilman Skipper Perry — who would be the sole dissenting vote that evening — said to be incredulous over the numbers presented. He also said of he Playhouse, “This is a group that didn’t ask to go downtown.” 9

The mayor and another council member volleyed back in support of the project. Input among citizen attendees was mixed, with Ginger Ingram again making a call for more input. “Something this important needs to go to the membership.”

The details of discussion from the City Council meeting minutes provide important perspective on events to that were to unfold over the next year.

Excerpts from June 14, 1999 City Council meeting minutes.
(Click to view full size).

The vote was 5-1 for the City to buy the property.

As the local paper would relate the next day, the proposal to move downtown had been in the works for two years and was jointly encouraged by the ADDA and Aiken Corporation, who described the move as an economic shot in the arm. 

August 1999: Aiken Corporation encourages SRS contractor to locate in Aiken.

According to an August 12,, 1999 newspaper headline, “Playhouse moving forward – Aiken Corp. paving way for downtown location,”10 the ADDA met with Aiken Community Playhouse members for about two hours in August. Afterward, ADDA chairman Sam Erb reported, “Other than a few people who might not be for it, I think the consensus is they can’t afford to let it (the opportunity) go by the wayside.” 

From the Aiken Corporation minutes 8/11/1999
(Click to view full size)

According to the Aiken Corporation’s August 11, 1999 meeting minutes, on the topic of SRS, “it was agreed that the Aiken Corporation should write a letter of support to encourage the location of the government division of Morrison Knudsen to locate in Aiken.” The impact of this move on the Playhouse project would soon become clear.

COMING TOMORROW: Corporate Coup

_____________

  1. Smith, Thomas. “Playhouse may move to downtown theater,” Aiken Standard, November 18, 1998.
  2. Smith, Thomas, “Playhouse has time to consider move to downtown theater,” Aiken Standard, November 24, 1998.
  3. Nidiffer, Nina J., “Possible move draws applause,” Aiken Standard, March 9, 1999.
  4. Nidiffer, Nina J., “Council votes on three taxes in one night.” Aiken Standard, March 9, 1999.
  5. Ingram, Ginger, “Voices concern over playhouse approval,” ” Aiken Standard, March 10, 1999.
  6. Nidiffer, Nina J., “Theater closes suddenly,” Aiken Standard, April 1, 1999.
  7. Smith, Thomas, “Playhouse project remains on track for moving to downtown Aiken,” Aiken Standard, June 10, 1999.
  8. Ingram, Ginger ,”Voices concern about playhouse move,” Aiken Standard, June 13, 1999.
  9. Nidiffer, Nina J., “Playhouse Relocation on City Council Agenda,” Aiken Standard, June 14, 1999.
  10. Smith, Thomas, “Playhouse moving forward – Aiken Corp. paving way for downtown location,” Aiken Standard, August 12, 1999.