Category Archives: City Government

City Government, Drinking water, Freedom of Information, June 2025

Aiken, S.C. + Drinking Water = Brown Water + Parallel Health Hazards

June 30, 2025 chroniclesguestcontributor 8 Comments

By Robert A. Leishear, PhD, PE, ASME Fellow

June 30, 2025

Living in Aiken, I routinely observe the failures of our government to protect public safety in our water system.

From June 25, 2025 through June, 29, 2025 (and continuing), widespread complaints about ‘brown water’ were reported by Aiken residents. By reading local newspapers, everything seems to be okay, but I fiercely disagree. The Aiken Standard reported that “Discolored Water Is Still a Problem for Aiken Customers.” After four days, Aiken is still flushing out the muck from water mains but not addressing the real problems.

Heat has Mistakenly been Blamed for Brown Water

Heat has been blamed as a primary cause of recent discolored water (“Discolored water reported throughout Aiken as extreme heat takes toll.”). However, temperatures are slightly hotter this year than last year (“Weather History in Aiken“), when brown water was not so large a problem (see Figure 1). In short, surges of brown water complaints drastically increased in August 2022, July 2023 and May 2025, but not during the summer of 2024. Temperature and hot weather are clearly not a driver for brown water increases. Water hammer provides an explanation for these three incidents and smaller incidents throughout the years, where such hammers are created by operating pumps and valves.

A new water system was being placed in service, and a water hammer during startup may have blasted corrosion debris loose throughout the system. That is, a possible cause of Aiken brown water on June 25, 2025, was operator error, rather than weather or infrastructure improvements. Confirmation data is unavailable to the public at present. Aiken staff may not even be aware of the possibility or occurrence of a water hammer, since hammers are frequently not heard when pipes are securely fastened and cannot bang when hammered.

Facing Our Government Again

Accordingly, I sent the following unanswered letter to the Aiken Mayor and all members of the City Council.

“We have serious problems that are not being addressed for the Aiken water supply. Please note the conclusion below: ‘In conclusion, Aiken breaks our mains and then blames residents if they are poisoned.’

Aiken Brown Water and Parallel Health Hazards (6/7/2025)

Although brown water in the Aiken drinking water supply is generally considered to be reasonably safe, water hammers that generate rust in our drinking water continue in Aiken, and those same water hammers endanger our drinking water safety. Aiken is spending tax dollars to fix the symptoms of health problems and health problems accelerate. Aiken needs to stop damaging our water system to protect our health.

On June 23, 2025, an Aiken City Council meeting promoted more money for unidirectional flushing, which effectively washes away rust in water mains. This method flows water into fire hydrants and flushes rust out through the next closest fire hydrant. Aiken is even installing more hydrants to increase the flow rates between some hydrants to remove more rust from our water mains.

Published by commercial water companies, brown water is claimed to not present a health hazard, since iron in rust is not a health hazard, and small quantities of detrimental manganese in rust are not usually present in high enough concentrations during brown water events to affect health. In other words, the brown water problem can be washed out of sight, but the acceleration of brown water creation hammers forward.

Peer reviewed publications and supporting scientific research prove that Aiken is not addressing the primary cause of rust in water mains, where water hammer creates brown water, or rust, in water mains (“Water Hammer Causes Water Main Breaks“). Basically, the operations of water pumps, industrial valves and fire hydrants cause high-pressure shock waves in water mains that travel throughout the city to crack water mains and generate rust in those cracks, and subsequent hammers disperse brown water to residents.

Until we stop the water main breaks in Aiken, we will have more cracks, more rust, more brown water, and more water main breaks (“Aiken, S.C. Officials Destroy Our Water System and Endanger Our Lives and Health“, “Money is Gone in My Home Town of Aiken, and the Water Main Breaks Keep on Coming“, and “Water Main Breaks Will Continue in Aiken“).

Far more importantly, water main cracks increase lead poisoning and infectious diseases in drinking water (“Our Water Mains Contaminate Us with E. Coli, Lead and Copper – Illness and Death Follow“, peer reviewed). Aiken officials have joined other cities to refuse to further investigate and stop these significant health hazards (“A One-Man-Fight Against Small Town and U.S. Water Main Breaks”).

A 2024 City of Aiken Water Report [that was a flyer delivered to customers] described water treatment before water enters water mains. Also, Aiken tests and [reports]’ ‘drinking water once per year or less, but Aiken tests 60 locations daily per the Aiken Mayor, but Aiken does not specifically check water from water mains after known water hammer events. Also, there are 22,000 connections to the water supply, and Aiken does not yet know where all of the lead pipes are located for customers. At present, lead contamination levels throughout Aiken are not known. In other words, we do not know when all of our water is safe or not.

In that report, Aiken stated that we, the Aiken residents, “share the responsibility for protecting [ourselves] and [our] family from lead”. In conclusion, Aiken breaks our mains and then blames residents if they are poisoned.

The Facts of Aiken Water Main Destruction

A parallel unanswered letter was sent only to the Aiken Mayor to provide further technical basis for these claims.

Aiken Keeps Breaking Our Drinking Water Supply (6/27/2025)

Evidence in Figures 1 to 3 below clearly proves that Aiken brown water complaints, water main breaks, and city-owned water system leaks continually rise. With respect to brown water complaints, Aiken is unnecessarily destroying the Aiken water system. That is, brown water is caused by water hammers, as I testified as an Expert Witness in Talbert vs. American Water in 2023. Aiken fails to protect our water system and fails to protect our health.

Figure 1. Brown water complaints caused by water hammers – mostly preventable – June 25, 2025 major complaint surge not shown since data is not yet publicly available. (Image by Leishear Engineering, LLC) Details DMCA

Figure 2. Aiken water main breaks caused by water hammers – mostly preventable.
(Image by Leishear Engineering, LLC) Details DMCA

Figure 3. Aiken city-property leaks caused by water hammers – mostly preventable.’
(Image by Leishear Engineering, LLC) Details DMCA
Data for these three figures was obtained from Donald Moniak (“City of Aiken, Water Main Breaks“).
Zero values in the figures indicate that data was unavailable.

The Coverup Continues

Once again, I suggested to the Aiken Mayor that we meet to work together to improve the Aiken water system. I received no response (“Aiken Coverups and New Scientific Advances in Water Main Breaks“). After sending the above letters, I sent the following unanswered letter to the Mayor of Aiken.

“City Council Workshop? (6/28/2025)

Perhaps you would now be willing to discuss the problems with our water main system. In my [professional] opinion Aiken staff does not have a clear understanding of how they are damaging our water system. My extensive experience and extraordinary education can help them accomplish success with respect to brown water, water main breaks, lead poisoning, and disease transmission.”

Water Hammer as the Brown Water Cause

Aiken is working ‘around the clock’ to fix this problem, but they are a likely cause of this problem in the first place. In my nearly 35 years of water hammer experience, I have learned that sometimes the largest water hammers – and the most damage to water systems – occur during startups of new facilities, similar to the June 25th case considered here.

In such cases, pressures can be near 1,000 pounds per square inch in 100-pound-per-square-inch water systems, which could certainly break loose a lot of rust to create brown water. From the scant information that is publicly available, such a water hammer is possible, but further information is needed from Aiken.

A possible cause was a ‘scheduled shutdown’ ‘to connect the new water plant to the water main’. In fact, ‘the water main at US 1 and the water plant underwent a scheduled shutdown last night [the night of June 24, 2025] to connect the new water plant to the water main (.cityofaikensc.gov/alerts).’ This situation provided the conditions for one of the largest potential water hammers within the Aiken water supply. A Freedom of Information Act request (FOIA) was submitted for closure of this water hammer concern, as follows.

FOIA Request (6/28/25)

Please provide SCADA, or other electronic data, plus log book entries, and any other pertinent operations, maintenance, and construction data for June 24-26, 2025 for the new water plant near Highway 1. I would like to see if operations at this plant caused the recent brown water event in Aiken.

Additional detailed information was submitted in a subsequent FOIA to better understand operations at US1 prior to the brown water fiasco.

In my professional opinion, a brown water incident of this magnitude was initiated by a high-pressure water hammer. As soon as the facts are available from Aiken, the sooner this brown water mess can be resolved, where many residents are affected and restaurants have closed (“Aiken water troubles impact local business“).

In this developing story, the Mayor of Aiken stated that they are working ‘continually’, as of 5/27/2025 to correct brown water (“City of Aiken Discolored Water Release“) Even so, an investigation of a possible water hammer related to this significant brown water incident, and other certain brown water incidents, should be investigated. The only obstacle between me and the truth of this brown water fiasco is the Aiken government.

There are many Aiken brown water complaints on the internet. One such complaint provided the following June 26, 2025 photo. Another such complaint noted that Aiken Regional Hospital was affected, but the hospital would not confirm or deny.

Figure 4. An example of Aiken brown water.
(Image by By permission of Nikki Livermore)
Details DMCA

This brown water problem has affected much of Aiken. Brown water has been reported in downtown Aiken, the north side of Aiken, the West side of Aiken, and the south side of Aiken. Sen so, I live on the South side of Aiken, and we have good water quality, i.e. no brown water at all.

Will Aiken Ever Stop Damaging Our Water Mains?

In an effort to address the current brown water situation in Aiken, I sent the following unanswered Letter of Request to the Aiken Mayor and City Manager, including a copy of Figure 1.

“June 25, 2025 – Possible Brown Water Cause (6/28/2025)

Would your staff show me what they did at US 1 on the night of June 24th to remove the water main to the plant from service. If so, we should be able to determine the cause of the current brown water situation, which would prevent future occurrences? High demands cannot explain the fact that there were spikes in brown water complaints during 2022, 2023, and 2025, but not 2024, where summer temperatures were comparable each year. Water hammer from operations at US 1 can provide such an explanation.”

Along with the following letter, a link to this Op Ed was forwarded to the Aiken Mayor, City Manager, and City Council immediately after publication of this Op Ed.

“Please Stop Breaking Our Drinking Water Supply (June 29. 2025)

The following Op Ed was published today, “Aiken, S.C. + Drinking Water = Brown Water + Parallel Health Hazards”. Comments are welcome.

For the past six years, I have asked Aiken officials to stop water hammers. As I have previously published, water hammers create increasing rust, increasing cracks, increasing brown water, and increasing water main breaks; and water hammers contribute to infectious diseases and lead poisoning in water supplies. Yet, you continue to hammer our Aiken water system to cause increasing damage.”

The Lead Question and the June 25, Brown Water Fiasco

I hesitate to address this issue since all of the facts are not yet available, but this issue is too important to ignore. Assuming that a major water hammer started at US 1, that pressure wave had the ability to travel to many parts of the system in seconds. In such a case, lead from lead service lines to older homes could induce lead poisoning into drinking water.

Disclaimer

This Op Ed is based on available information and is subject to change as information is made available. Access to information is hindered. I emailed the City Manger a simple question about how many brown water complaints have been received, and rather than answer, he responded that I should fill out an FOIA request, which can take up to 10 days for response. Guessing what information has been withheld from the public limits a public understanding of how this brown water fiasco unfolded. Aiken refuses to discuss this issue to improve our water system.

As a foremost expert in water main failures, I have raised serious public health concerns, but I am blocked by Aiken government. In fact, I invented peer-reviewed theories to explain brown water creation and water main failures that were misunderstood for the past century. These discoveries should be the backbone of this Aiken investigation but are not.

(Editor’s Note: This article was originally published on June 30,2025 in OpedNews.com)

City Government, Development Issues, June 2025

Developing the Powderhouse Connector

June 11, 2025 donaldmoniak 7 Comments

(An update to Development Road, which reviewed the various agreements between the City of Aiken and large landowners in the area between Powderhouse Road and Whiskey Road, and the associated potential for growth. This update focuses on the more definitive plans that have emerged since that time).

by Don Moniak
June 11, 2025
(Updated July 7, 2025, based on June 2025 City of Aiken Engineering and Utilities Development Report, pages 433-434 of City Council agenda packet.

Update, August 22, 2025: According to meeting minutes of City Council’s August 11, 2025 work session, the proposed subdivision adjacent to Thoroughbred Run (Summerall-Ware tract, #9 on the map) has been withdrawn by the developer due to “stormwater matters.” )

A groundbreaking ceremony for the long-planned Whiskey Road to Powderhouse Road Connector Project (Figure 1) was held in late February 2025. Phase 1, a new 1.0 mile road connecting Whiskey Road to Corporate Parkway and Centennial Avenue, will be completed first; there remain some right of ways to procure for the 1.7 mile Phase II. (1)

In addition to the long-stated goal of traffic congestion relief, the Connector roads will also facilitate the development of approximately 1,500 to 1,700 new housing units (2) across ~325 acres, and 24 acres of commercial development; including a 160-room, four-story hotel. All of these parcels either have been, or will be, annexed into the City of Aiken (Figure 2).

(For a point of comparison, Trolley Run Station northwest of Aiken presently has about 1,100 residences.)

Figure 1. Proposed routes of Whiskey Road-Powderhouse Road Connector project.

Figure 2: Areas to be developed along Whiskey Road-Powderhouse Road Connector(s). 1. New **160-room, 4-story** **Hampton Inn**, approved and under construction. 2. City of Aiken right of ways obtained to date;with black arrows indicating general location of right of ways that remain necessary to obtain. 3. Fry/McClean property. No plans presented to date but the City has promised sewer capacity for **up to 600 homes.** According to the June 2025 Development Report, a **461 “mixed” housing unit** development is in the “concept stage” of approval; and a complex of a **90-unit Senior Living and 35-unit Memory Care** development is in the “pre-concept stage.” 4. Clifton Place, annexed in 2024, with no concept plan submitted to date but a **161-townhomes** development is in the “review stage.” (To the right (east) is The Sanctuary, a nearly completed subdivision of 125 single-family homes.) 5. Future City of Aiken regional detention pond and park. 6. Summerall (former Watson property). Concept plan approved for **124 single-family homes** (eastern half). Up to 350 apartments are planned in western half. 7. Summerall (Watson property) **commercial district**. 8. Summerall (Watson property), where **130 townhome units** are in the planning stages. 9. Summerall (Ware property) . Annexation request and Concept Plan for **330 housing units**–167 single-family homes 163 townhomes) submitted this past month and approved by the Planning Commission. This proposal has since been withdrawn, but the property remains available for development. (click to enlarge)

Approved, Proposed, and Pending Developments to Date

The Hampton Inn

The 160-room, four-story Hampton Inn hotel is currently under construction on what will be the far west end of the Connector Road.

The 8.0-acre parcel, of which three acres is dedicated to the hotel, was annexed in October 2022. City Council then approved a concept plan for the hotel in April 2023 (pages 105-125). Although accessible from Whiskey Road, one driveway for the Hotel will be via the Connector Road; whose future presence substantially influenced the location.

Summerall Place: The Watson Tract

Annexation of 125.35 acres of forested land formerly known as the Watson Tract and soon to be known as Summerall Place was approved by Aiken City Council in February 2024. This was divided into 16 acres for commercial use and 109 acres for residential use.

At the same time, Council approved the Planned Commercial Concept Plan for the 16 acres of commercial space, and the Planned Residential Concept Plan for Phase One of the residential portion—which is perhaps the most thorough, thoughtful, and extensive housing plans to be submitted in recent years (pages 70-216). For example, the developer expressed its intention to leave any lands with slopes greater than 15% untouched, stating that these conditions are too costly, in both financial and environmental terms, to develop.

Phase One is for 124 single family homes, while the subsequent phases involve 350 apartment units and 103 townhomes, producing a total of 577 new housing units.

Summerall Place: The Ware Tract

In January 2025, a proposal known as Thoroughbred Landing, located on what is now referred to as the Ware tract and involving 480 housing units (221 townhomes 259 single-family homes), was brought before the Planning Commission. The Commission voted unanimously to recommend that City Council deny approving the development . The developer then opted out of the project.(3)

This month, the Summerall Place developer, CSRA Development Company, had an application (pages 58-134) before the Planning Commission to extend its planned residential community from the Watson tract onto the Ware tract. Instead of 480 housing units, CSRA proposes 330. The Commission unanimously approved the annexation and concept plan on June 10th. City Council gave its first round of approval on June 23rd.

Across the Watson and Ware tracts, CSRA Development is proposing to leave 81 of its total 220 acres in various renditions of open space—including small parks, amenity areas, and greenspace on steeper slopes. The development will also benefit from the City’s investment in a park surrounding its new detention pond.

Clifton Place

Clifton Place will be situated on 37 acres of forest and farmland southeast of the Summerall Place development. The property was annexed in October 2024, but no concept plan has been submitted. The annexation request included a reference to 300 new residents, indicating 75-100 new home units. However, the June 2025 Engineering and Utilities Development report (4) shows a 161-unit townhomes development in the review process at the Planning Department. It has yet to be submitted to the Planning Commission.

The Fry/McLean Property

The Fry/McLean Parcel, located on 72 acres of farmland, has yet to be annexed and no concept plans have been made public. The owners’ sewer access agreement with the City of Aiken allows for up to 600 housing units.

According to the June 2025 Engineering and Utilities Development Report (4), a 461-unit “mixed” development is in the “concept” stage and a medical/residential center of 90 Senior Living units and 35 Memory Care units is in the “pre-concept stage.”

Totals

The collective, tentative total for the area is now estimated at 1500-1700 housing units. The mix of housing types will be unknown until the 451 housing unit types in the Fry/McLean property plans are revealed. Outside of those 451 units, 291 single-family homes, 327 townhomes, and 475 apartments (including 125 senior living and memory care units) are in various stages of planning and review.

Congestion Relief or More Customers for Whiskey Road Businesses?

While Powderhouse Connector will provide some congestion relief for the Whiskey Road corridor, developing subdivisions for upwards of 1,500 to 1,700 new housing units will, quite obviously, simultaneously increase traffic and congestion on the busiest section of the Whiskey Road commercial strip. This section is expected to grow busier as the new Aiken Towne Center gradually is finalized on the former Aiken Mall site.

An April 2023 email (Figure 3) between former Economic Development Director Tim O’Briant and National Retail Strategies representative Matt Jaeger illustrates this reality. In it, O’Briant asked for data regarding the attraction of the redeveloping former Aiken Mall area to future renters and home owners occupying the probable Powderhouse Connector residential developments.

The question made good sense, as the only nearby grocery option north of the Connector on East Pine Log Road are dollar stores. As for other retail and dining options, Whiskey Road will remain a center of commerce for the foreseeable future. The developments along the Connector are, quite simply, viewed as an economic stimulus for the Whiskey Road area.

Figure 3: April 2023 email exchange regarding the economic potential of future Powderhouse Connector developments. (click to enlarge)

Footnotes:

(1) According to a memorandum from the Augusta Regional Transportation Study’s (ARTS) South Carolina Policy Subcommittee, the current project costs are $38 million. The memo states the intent of the project is to “provide relief to the congested Whiskey Road corridor by opening additional routes to East Pine Log Road and Centennial Parkway.”

A City of Aiken memorandum released in September 2023 states that funding for purchasing road right of ways is derived from Capital Project Sales Tax revenues which are allocated for “Whiskey Road Corridor improvements and congestions relief.” (Aiken City Council Agenda Packet for September 11, 2023, page 412).

The tens of millions of dollars to be spent on Whiskey Road congestion relief will also provide access through nearly 400 acres of undeveloped farm and forest land in unincorporated Aiken County; where upwards of and to those eventual, multiple residential developments. Any developments in unincorporated areas which utilize city water and sewer services will eventually be annexed into the City of Aiken.

In addition, the City of Aiken intends to subsidize development by constructing and maintaining two major stormwater retention or detention reservoirs, and installing essential sewer and water infrastructure to insure adequate capacity for planned residential neighborhoods.

(2) These figures do not include the nearly completed 125-home subdivision known as “The Sanctuary” along Powderhouse Road, across from and east of the future “Clifton Place.”

(3) The Thoroughbred Landing development faced an uphill battle, with the City’s Planning Commission taking the unusual step at its January 14, 2024 meeting of unanimously recommending that City Council deny the application (2:37 to 3:30 of meeting).

During the contentious meeting, Chairman Ryan Reynolds informed the developer that “there is more work to be done here.” That was before area residents came forward to raise concerns about the original plan to build 259 single family homes and 221 townhomes, raising concerns about heavy traffic impacts, stormwater runoff, and effects on the quality of life of nearby residents.

The developer withdrew from the project rather than submit it to City Council. As a result of the Planning Commission’s actions, a less dense and less intrusive proposal to extend the Summerall development was forthcoming.

(4) The June 2025 Engineering and Utilities Development Report (click to enlarge)

Aiken County, City Government, Planning & Development, Water Usage

The Up and Coming North Aiken Housing Boom

May 25, 2025 donaldmoniak 13 Comments

If all proposals come to fruition, seventeen housing developments between Richland Avenue and Interstate 20, within the City of Aiken’s water and sewer district, could result in 4,492 new housing units and more than 10,000 new residents to the area. The combined population of the two Northside City Council districts could grow by 50 percent.

by Don Moniak

May 25, 2025

Since 2020, Aiken City Council has been presented with, and approved, fifteen new housing development applications located between Richland Avenue and Interstate 20 that are within the City’s Sewer and Water District. Nearly every vote has been unanimous. Two more development applications that are currently pending have been recommended for approval by the city’s Planning Commission, and face almost certain unanimous approval by City Council.

In total, the seventeen developments* span 1,327 acres, involve twelve different developers, four large property annexations, and, if completed in full, will provide a total of 4,492 new housing units—2,994 single family homes, 796 townhouses, and 752 apartments (Table 1).

Only three apartment complexes comprising 416 units have been described as “affordable housing.” Much of the remainder has been described as “work force” housing on small lots (predominantly 0.125 to 0.2-acre lots), with purchase price quotes being most frequently in the $225 to $275 thousand range. Only Woodhaven and Coopers Place will have larger lot sizes and prices closer to $350-500K.

Just under half (2,158 units) of the total units are now within city limits or on lands recently, or soon to be, annexed. The remainder are situated on unincorporated county lands, but will be subject to annexation if the subdivisions become contiguous to the city (Table 2).

Using the 2020 census’ average household size of 2.4 people per home, the increase in population within the city’s Sewer and Water district–in the area between Richland Avenue and Interstate 20–from these developments alone could number about 10,780 new residents. In the short run, the population growth within the City of Aiken’s, due to both infill and annexed developments, could be around 5,200 new residents. All of this growth will be in Council Districts 1 and 2; where the combined existing population is reportedly 10,610.

While numerous individual traffic studies have been completed, there has been no cumulative traffic effects analysis. However, it is fair to assume that, if all developments move forward, University Parkway, York Street, Rutland Drive, Highway 19N, Wire Road, and Hwy 1 North will all experience heavy increases in traffic.

To accommodate the growth, the City is building a new drinking water plant, but issues with sewage capacity will remain in place until the Horse Creek Wastewater Plant is upgraded.

(*In terms of new housing between Richland Avenue and I-20, these figures do not include growth of another thousand homes or more planned in Trolley Run Station, which is in the Valley Public Service Authority Sewer and Water District and not subject to annexation inside the City of Aiken. This will add another ~2,500 more people to the Aiken area.)

Development	Units	Acres	Type
Lokay Lane	80	10	Apartments
Parker at Aiken	336	30	“Luxury” Apartments
Highlands Bluff	226	44	Single Family and Townhomes
University Townhomes	160	53	Townhomes
Rutland Place	269	46	Single Family and Townhomes
Portrait Hills	146	41	Single Family
Rivers Crossing	200	53	Single Family
Bridge Creek	705	212	Single Family
Sundy Street	144	17	Apartments
Fox Ridge Terrace	192	19	Apartments
York Street	202	40	Single Family
Palomino Acres	316	47	Duplexes
May Royal Drive	185	52	Single Family
Woodhaven	165	240	Single Family
Cooper’s Place	157	112	Single Family
Bedford Place	725	214	Single Family
Creighton Meadows	284	87	Single Family
Totals	4,492	1,397

Table 1: Developments by number of units, acreage, type housing (click name to view property data and property purchase price paid by developer, if available).

Development	Developer	Location	Jurisdiction
Lokey Lane	Taft Mills Group	Gregg Hwy	In City
Parker at Aiken	Parker-Aiken LLC	Gregg Hwy	Annexation
Highlands Bluff	Highland Bluff LLC	University Parkway	County
University Townhomes	Southern United Development	University Parkway	Annexation
Rutland Place	VIP Riverside	Rutland Avenue/Hwy 19	In city
Portrait Hills	Great Southern Homes	Hwy 19 North	Annexation
Rivers Crossing	KD Owner 3 LLC	Hwy 19 North	County
Bridge Creek	D&M Partners	Hwy 19 North	County
Sundy Avenue	Ulysses	Sundy Avenue	In city
Fox Ridge Trace	Tafts Mill Group	Rutland Avenue	In City
York Street	QOZB2 LLC/MK Land Development	York Street	In city
Palomino Oaks	Great Southern Homes	York Street	In city
May Royal Drive	Midland Valley LLC/Ivy Homes	York Street	Annexation
Woodhaven	Beazley Homes	Wire Road	County
Cooper’s Place	Georgia Southern	Wire Road	County
Bedford Place	Beazley Homes	Hwy 1N /Airport	County
Creighton Mdws	H & A Development	Hwy 1N /Airport	County

Table 2: Developments by Developer, Location, and Jurisdiction.

Notes on Individual Developments

Area 1: Gregg Highway

Figure 1. Gregg Highway developments. 1. Parker at Aiken apartments. 2. Lokey Lane apartments

Lokey Lane/Gregg Highway

This affordable housing apartment complex was approved by Aiken City Council on April 8, 2024. (see page 140-160 for more details). The target tenants are residents earning less than the area median income. No action has yet been taken. The developer has until June 2025 to close on the property before the concept plan expires.

In June 2024, City Council also voted to award the developer/investor an economic incentive for up to $90,000 to cover half the costs of The permit fees, business license fees, and water and sewer tap fees paid to the city.

The Parker at Aiken

This luxury apartment complex is under construction (Figure 2). City Council approved annexation and a concept plan in January 2023; after the Planning Commission granted a waiver on open space requirements in order to mandate more parking spaces. The area was most recently dominated by Longleaf Pine forest. The developers left undisturbed approximately 3 acres of loblolly pine wetland (Figure 3).

Figure 2: Ongoing construction at Parker at Aiken

Figure 3: Parker at Aiken, 2023 (Aiken County Land Database)

Area 2: University Parkway, Hwy 19N, Rutland Drive, York Street, May Royal Road

Figure 4: 1. Highland Bluff ; 2. University Parkway Townhomes; 3. Bridge Creek; 4. River Crossing; 5. Portrait Hills; 6. Rutland Place; 7. Palomino Oaks; 8. May Royal Drive; 9. Guildford; 10. Sundy Street Apartments; 11. York Street 12. Fox Ridge Trace

Highland Bluff remains in the site preparation, utilities installation, and road building stage. Aiken City Council approved water and sewer services in May 2022. The area was formerly forested with a loblolly pine/hardwood mix (below). It is 1.3 miles from the City limits. For more information, see A Stormwater Story.

University Townhomes

Annexation and the concept plan were unanimously approved in May 2022.

Some controversy over its access affected the project. The project is divided into two areas by Lincoln Avenue (Figure 7), which is an unpaved County-owned road. The developers therefore sought two distinct subdivisions with two separate entrances for the gated community—one from University Parkway and one through the Kennedy Kolony subdivision via Tennessee Avenue.

However, long-time area residents objected to this intrusion, and during a community meeting they managed to win a concession—the developer would seek an entrance via Lincoln Avenue, and not Tennessee Avenue. (This option involved lobbying County government to pave the road, and the status of this lobbying effort is unknown. Thus only the northern half of the project is under development.)

The University Parkway side of the project is in the site preparation stages. Because part of the project area is too steep to develop, approximately one-third of the site will remain forested.

For more details, see pages 68-88.

Figure 7. University Townhomes property, within red outline. The area north of Lincoln Avenue is under development. The area north of Lincoln Avenue is temporarily on hold due to access issues after neighborhood objections to the proposed entrance via Tennessee Avenue.

Bridge Creek

This proposed 705-home subdivision on 212 acres was unanimously approved, with minimal discussion, for sewer and water service by Aiken City Council in January 2025. The development still requires approval by the County Planning Commission—no application has been forthcoming to date. The land was clearcut in the early 2010s and never reforested. The property is only 0.6 miles miles from the city limit. For more details, see More Development, More Congestion Enroute for Highway 19 North.

Rivers Crossing

City Council approved water and sewer services in May 2021. The County Planning Commission approved the site plan in 2022. SC DOT and the County required the developer to install turn lanes on Highway 19 in order to access the property.

Surveying of new lots is complete and home construction is nearly half completed (Figure 8). Numerous homes have already sold for $270 to $290 thousand; and are being advertised as starting in the mid $200s K (Figure 9).

The area was originally primarily open field/farmland with a few small patches of timber. There are no rivers or creeks on or nearby the development.

The site is only ~700 feet and three small properties away from city limits; meaning annexation is a probability in the not distant future.

Figure 8; Rivers Crossing new home construction

Portrait Hills.

Aiken City Council approved annexation and the concept plan in 2021, and approved an economic incentive in 2022. Surveying of new lots is complete and home construction is well underway. Numerous homes have already sold for $270 to $295 thousand. For more information, see Dust Storm in an Incentive Zone.

Rutland Place.

City Council approved the concept plan in July 2025; which also included an adjacent plan for six acres of commercial development where a Tractor Supply store is envisioned as an anchor retailer. Both the commercial and residential projects remain in the predevelopment and planning stages—no ground has been disturbed to date. The area is approximately 75 percent open field and 25 percent loblolly pine dominated forestland. (Figure 11).

A highly controversial aspect of the project was a waiver request for tighter spacing between buildings; a request to which Aiken Public Safety and the Planning Commission objected. Aiken City Council, with the exception of Mayor Teddy Milner and Councilman Ed Woltz, voted to override the objections of their public safety department and Planning Commission.

Homes are expected to sell in the $225 to $275 thousand range.

See pages 81-160 for more details.

Concord Hill and Maple Green Development at York Street and Rudy Mason Parkway

City Council unanimously approved rezoning to planned residential and a concept plan in April 2025. As with the Rutland Drive development, a waiver on building spacing was sought and approved by Council.

The development consists of two properties, both of which were already cutover, that were combined into one development. The project is in the design stage.

Homes are expected to range from $225 thousand to $275 thousand.

For more details see pages 88-116.

Palamino Oaks

City Council approved the concept plan in 2021. As described in The Realtor Association’s Unreality, Aiken City Council approved a $247,000 economic incentive– to pay for half of work permits and utility connections costs– for Great Southern Homes in 2022.

Site preparation and utilities are completed (Figure 13), but home construction has yet to begin (see below). Prior to 2023 the property was a loblolly pine/hardwood forest, and approximately one-quarter of the forestland has been retained; mostly along the northern boundary.

Sundy Street Apartments

The first rendition of the Sundy Street affordable housing development was approved in March 2023. That developer did not move forward, and a second developer has taken over the project. The city’s Planning Commission unanimously recommended, on May 13, 2025, that City Council approve the current development (see Page 123 for more details).

The site is forested and has a wetland component that appears to be limiting development to about half of the 17-acre property.

Fox Ridge Terrace Apartments.

The city’s Planning Commission unanimously recommended, on May 13, 2025, that City Council approve this affordable housing development.

The site is entirely forested and also has a wetland component; the plan (see Page 99 for details) shows approximately one-quarter of the forestland will remain in place.

May Royal Drive

The first rendition of the May Royal Drive development (yet to have a neighborhood name) was laced with controversy. Concerns regarding quality of life, noise and light pollution, traffic, property values, and the threat of annexation were raised by neighbors residing in the unincorporated county. A flawed traffic study actually considered a left hand turn into a left hand turn to be a traffic mitigation measure.

The pressure from neighbors resulted in some concessions from the developer: a 75 ft buffer between existing homes, no access from Osbon Drive, and a perimeter fence (Figure 16).

However, the developer never closed on its property purchases and the concept plan that was approved by City Council in April 2024 expired.

Another concept plan was brought forth, with Ivy Homes as the builder, and pared down to 52 acres (from 90). This time, despite the same concerns there were no concessions, and City Council approved the plan in March 2025.(Figure 17)

See pages 117-157 for more details.

Figure 16: Final plan for first May Royal proposal approved by City Council in 2024; when the developer agreed to a lower housing density and a 75-foot buffer between new homes and existing neighbors who lot sizes range from one to four acres. That concept plan expired when the developer reportedly could not complete its purchase of the project properties. In the subsequent project design, the same developer only agreed to a 25-foot buffer buffer (the minimum buffer size in the Zoning Ordinance is a mere 10 feet).

Figure 17. Second rendition of the May Royal Drive development. First proposal in 2024 initially included parcels “A” and “B,” and parcel B was removed. The development approved this year also excluded parcel. The developer indicated that Parcel A will become part of the subdivision at some future date.

Area 3: Highway 1N, Wire Road, and Airport

Figure 18: 1. Woodhaven ; 2. Coopers Place; 3. Bedford Place; 4. Creighton Meadows

Woodhaven

The City approved water services, but not sewer, in October 2024. This was a done deal since, in March of 2023, City Council approved a cost-sharing agreement for a water line extension to the property. The City would pay two-thirds of the cost up to $670,000, with the developer (Beazley Homes) paying at least one-third.

According to the City Manager’s supporting memorandum (page 101), the waterline extension was one facet of an overall scheme to extend water service as far as Exit 29 along Interstate 20:

“The initial phase of 9,100 linear feet of 12-inch water line extends service to the proposed residential development. The next phase extension of 8,625 linear feet water line provides an extension to existing facilities that the city has on Beaver Dam Road. Additional phases could extend water service to Interstate 20 Exit 29. The availability of water and larger tracts and providing services to this exit could further expand the city’s water district and provide opportunities for further growth to the north of Aiken.”

The site is still in the predevelopment stage.

The development is expected to be more upscale, similar to the adjacent Summer Lakes neighborhood, with lot sizes of 0.98 acres. Unlike Summer Lakes, the only access to Woodhaven will be from Wire Road. The City is not providing sewer services, so the homes will be on septic systems. The property is nearly 2 miles from the city limits, and is unlikely to be annexed in the near future.

Coopers Place

City Council unanimously approved water service on January 27, 2025; the same day it approved utilities service for Bridge Creek and Bedford Place. The Aiken County Planning Commission had already approved the site plan in October 2024; over the objections of numerous area residents.

On March 10, 2025, the Aiken City Council unanimously voted to approve an agreement with Georgia Southern Homes to extend the city’s drinking water system another 3,000 feet north along Wire Road. The deal is for Southern Homes to build the line to their proposed 157-home subdivision; with the City shouldering up to 2/3rds of the cost of the $500,000 project.

Bedford Place

City Council approved water and sewer service for this high density development on January 27, 2025. The first phase of the project site plan was approved, with contingencies such as engineering and traffic study approvals, by the County Planning Commission at its April 2025 meeting.

The property along Hwy 1 North and Beaverdam Road is presently forested with loblolly pine and has been managed as a tree farm for decades. The site is four miles from the City limits. A portion of the property is within the Aiken Airport overlay district.

Creighton Meadows

Aiken City Council approved water and sewer service in August 2024 (see pages 123-137). The only objection to the application for utility service came from Will Williams of the Western South Carolina Economic Development Partnership. In a letter to Council, Williams raised concerns about developing housing adjacent to the Shaw Industries plant on the Frontage Road.

The site, which was also was the preferred location for the House of Raeford chicken slaughterhouse and processing facility that was rejected by Aiken County Council in April 2024, was clearcut in 2023. A portion of the property is also in the Aiken Airport overlay district. It sites 5.1 miles away from Aiken city limits and is highly unlikely to be annexed under current rules.

The Aiken County Planning Commission approved the site plan in June 2024.

Guildford Townhomes: Rejected for Now.

A public hearing on the application to annex a 24-acre parcel and build 188 townhouse units, called the Guildford, along Wire Road (see Page 68) was held by the city’s Planning Commission on May 13, 2025. After hearing from numerous local citizens, and failing to obtain answers on several issues from the developer’s representative, the Commission recommended denying the application for annexation and concept plan. (See 0:35 to 1:30 mark of meeting video).

At least eight nearby residents, mostly along Wire Road, rose to speak against the subdivision; all of them citing traffic and quality of life concerns as reasons to deny the application. Among the statements were:

“It will be a really ugly little crowded neighborhood.”
“I already can’t get my mail“ (which is across the road for many residents) due to fast and heavy traffic
“We feel blindsided by this“ and “there are no guardrails against this kind of development.”
This is not compatible with that area of North Aiken, which remains rural and dominated by larger lots.
People already have trouble navigating Wire Road during peak hours.

For their part, the Planning Commission at times ripped into the application, stating, among other things that:

There were too many unanswered questions remaining (in fact the developer could not answer many questions).
“This is exactly what makes a horrible development…It is Exhibit A of what not to do.”
“The concept plan is not at all compatible and consistent with the surrounding neighborhood.

The developer can still take their case to City Council, or they can withdraw their application and regroup—-which would be the practical thing to do given the complete lack of support and substantial opposition to the project. But given the fact that Beazley Homes has purchased the property, it is likely to be developed for housing.

Guildford was the second subdivision in North Aiken to be rejected in the 2020s. In September 2023, the proposed 212-unit Henderson Downs along East Richland Avenue faced unanimously opposition from the Planning Commission after the Aiken Steeplechase Foundation and other neighbors on all sides voiced objections to the subdivision. No further action has been taken to develop the property.

Development Issues, Downtown Aiken, Editorials, May 2025

Parsing the RH and Winter Colony Development Group Branding Efforts

May 18, 2025 donaldmoniak 5 Comments

by Don Moniak

May 18, 2025

The leadup to this moment in the saga of the downtown Aiken’s Pascalis Properties is summarized in Local Politics and Planning in 2025. As reported there, in November 2024 Colliers representative Tommy Tapp informed Aiken City Council that, in reference to potential bidders for the property:

“Another concern, is their bid going to be kept secret? They don’t want it shopped around in the press or made public because one of the criteria is ingenuity and creativity and what they can do with the project.”

Six months later, one of the six bidders, known as the Winter Colony Development Group, has taken the odd and unusual step of urging Aiken citizens to lobby “Aiken City Hall” on their behalf; in large part by shopping their creative ideas on Facebook.

The lobbying and public relations effort involves two videos.

First, there is the video titled Winter Colony Development Group’s Proposal for the City, released this weekend and already enjoying 1,000+ views. (It is the same video as the one titled Final 2 Winter Colony Development Group that can be found on the group’s You Tube Channel 256. That video was provided to Colliers and the City of Aiken four months ago—but not publicized. It has 173 views.)

The proposal video presents the group’s vision for the Pascalis properties: “reimagining” the Hotel Aiken into fourteen luxury condominiums, two restaurants on the ground floor, thirteen townhouses replacing the motel on Bee Lane, a 56-spot parking garage behind the Warneke Cleaners property (with no indication of the future of that historic business), and an assortment of retail space along Richland and Laurens.

In the comment section of the latest popular release, the group wrote:

“City Hall is about to vote to turn the historic Aiken Hotel into a budget hotel without enough parking. If you prefer the alternative of Downtown Family Living with Shopping, Dining and Live Outdoor Entertainment, call Aiken City Hall at 803 642 7600 and demand the Winter Colony Proposal be chosen. Thank you for your support and tell your friends!”

The latest version also urges citizens to link to a music video titled Aiken Downtown Family Living; in which the group further disparages an undisclosed competitor’s proposal. The video features a folksy country song with the refrain “if it speaks to what you feel, call the City. Let’s make it real.”

The song is an advertising gimmick concocted by one of the group’s partners. That partner is the Ransom Company, whose website features a dozen product “jingles” by branding expert Tim Ransom. The Aiken Community Downtown Family Living video “jingle” is described on the site as a “Social Media PSA.”

Now compare the folksy Aiken Community Downtown Family Living PSA to a third related Channel 256 video, called RH Winter Colony; which was produced six months ago and has 27 views. RH Winter Colony is a sales pitch for potential investors, and the pitch is the history of Aiken and American elites as embodied by the Aiken Winter Colony. The “RH” brand is described as capturing the “American Recreational Spirit” of both the Winter Colony era and today.

Do watch both videos, RH Winter Colony and Aiken Downtown Family Living, back to back for a sales pitch dichotomy lesson. The former pitches elitism, exclusivity, 5th avenue, Rodeo Drive, luxury, and the planned, stylistic poses of unsmiling recreationists; a vision without children, and without family.

The latter pitches down to earth folksiness, images of Aiken’s common, humble, and popular places; smiles and spontaneity among both local children and adults. It has family.

RH Winter Colony seeks to lure financial investors; Aiken Downtown Family Living seeks investments of public opinion.

The two videos are the two faces of the Winter Colony group’s brands, both presented by the creators of the “iconic” brands for Fruit of the Loom/Star Wars boys underwear, Saranac Lake beer, Grizzly smokeless tobacco, and Lotrimin fungal cream; among others.

Why?

Why did Winter Colony Group choose to participate in a secret selection process up until the moment it appeared the process was leading to the selection of another bidder? Given the fact that one requirement in Request for Offers was to divulge the bidders’ financial sources, would Winter Colony publicly disclose that information–along with its proposed purchase price, portfolio, and more complete concept plans?

It could be that the Winter Colony Group is exactly what Aiken wants and needs. The group has arguably performed a service by reminding citizens that a competition is ongoing. But the manner in which it has pursued its goals and attempted to manipulate public opinion leaves more questions than answers.

The entire spectacle, and all the intrigue, might be resolved if other bidders were to follow suit and trot out summaries of their offers, whether it be promotional videos or a power point program. City Council could also release a summary of all six offers without divulging names. Some, if not all, of the secrecy could be lifted.

But at this point, one competitor’s proposal has merely been branded as a “budget hotel without enough parking” by a branding expert who has only provided a few minutes of details about its own plans. The owners of the Pascalis properties, the citizens of Aiken, deserve more than more stumbling by many of the same parties—City Council and the City Manager—who helped bring Project Pascalis to the table more than three years ago.

Above: Images from RH Winter Colony video.

*Footnote:

*Submission requirement in the Colliers’ November 2024 Request for Offers bidder’s packet. (Obtained via a Freedom of Information Act Request.)

April 2025, City Government, Downtown Aiken, Editorials

“An Aiken Institution” Taj Aiken – One of Downtown’s Crown Jewels Still in the Crosshairs After the Project Pascalis Failure.

April 16, 2025 Kelly Cornelius 5 Comments

by Kelly Cornelius

April 16, 2025

Alok Kumar Aske, owner of Taj Aiken, a tenant in one of the city-owned Pascalis properties went on the record at Monday night’s City Council meeting and asked city officials to give him the 5-year lease he has been promised.(1) Doing so was not easy for such a soft spoken and gentle soul but he explained he signed the lease they gave him in Feb of 2024 but has yet to get it back from them and he checks in with city officials once a month.

As he reached out for help those city officials sat mostly mum with the exception of Councilwoman Diggs who has witnessed this man’s generosity for herself. Aiken citizen Jacob Ellis, who has been active in preserving the history of Aiken’s downtown, spoke in glowing support of Taj calling it “An Aiken Institution” and Kumar “A pillar of this community”.

Taj Aiken is truly one of downtown Aiken’s crown jewels. The Indian cuisine restaurant sits amidst the “Pascalis Block” — the group of Parkway District properties that Aiken officials purchased in 2021. under the guise of addressing “blight”. The $9.6M taxpayer-funded boondoggle was part of the City’s vision to demolish the very cornerstone of historic downtown and erect in its place a modern chain hotel, a parking garage and conference center. Public outrage stopped Project Pascalis, however Taj and owner Kumar have since been held in limbo, first in the crosshairs of city official’s wrecking ball — under the threat of demolition for nearly two years and now as the property is listed for sale.

In the aftermath of Pascalis there was the lab project, and when the SRNL announcement was made on January 23, 2023, Councilman Ed Woltz stated that the “the plan is to preserve the existing businesses on the block…the Taj Restaurant would remain on Richland Avenue.” That was a promise made but forgotten when the lab building was put on Newberry St.

Kumar broke his silence at Monday night’s city council meeting and asked that city officials grant him the lease he was given over a year ago and that he has signed but the city hasn’t. He also asked for the opportunity to purchase the property that houses his restaurant, an opportunity which one other Pascalis tenant has been granted.

The American Dream

Kumar Akse is the very poster child for the American Dream. Originally from India, he arrived in this country in 2009 after having to drop out of medical school, which he was attending in Russia. A family emergency required the family’s financial resources to go toward medical care of a family member, so medical school for Akse was over. It was only through great sacrifice that he was able to make the move to America.

Akse arrived in the United States in 2009 to Augusta where he worked as a waiter until 2017 when he got the opportunity to open Taj on the ground floor of the Hotel Aiken. The restaurant became an instant favorite with the Aiken community and, within months, enjoyed dozens of 5-star reviews from locals and tourists on online review sites. Going into its eighth year in 2025, the 5-star accolades for Taj Aiken only continue, with many patrons express their delight and surprise to find such an artistry of spices and authenticity of Indian cuisine right here in the heart of downtown Aiken.

This isn’t to say that path from 2017 to 2025 has been easy. Shortly after opening in the Hotel Aiken, Akse had to move his business several doors east, to its current location at 213 Richland Avenue, where he had to do many of the renovations himself before reopening the business. It took nearly a year of work before Taj could open the doors. The business is thriving, the food is fantastic, and his customer base is loyal. Akse returns that love to his community in many ways, including mentoring his staff of twelve. “This job is only temporary” he preaches to them, “in this country you can make whatever you want of yourself with hard work”.

Akse does not does not take this country nor its opportunities for granted. He works hard and he is grateful. One encounter with this man and you see he is kind above all else. Akse believes in karma, and he believes in giving back to his community.

Hurricane Helene

Kumar fed this community day after day free of charge in the aftermath of Hurricane Helene which left downtown and most of Aiken without power and nearly unrecognizable.

A petition online to give Kumar a key to the city has taken off since he spoke publicly with over 670 signatures at the time of this publishing. The petition page is filled with glowing comments about the man and the food.

To illustrate another example of his generosity and community spirit, Christmas Day, 2023 Taj Aiken posted a holiday greeting and an announcement on their Facebook wall:

“Taj Aiken takes pride in acknowledging our forever supporting patrons and jolly little town. Your presence is requested by Taj Aiken on Tuesday, December 26th. We are offering free boxed lunches from 11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. We sigh you all a Happy Healthy and Prosperous New Year!!”

On the afternoon of December 26, and in a drizzly rain, Akse and his staff gifted the Aiken community with a generosity of good cheer and over 475 boxed lunches to people from all walks of life.

It’s past time the City of Aiken gives back to a man who gives so much to this community. Specifically, Taj Aiken should have the same opportunity available to some of the other Pascalis businesses to negotiate a contract with the right to purchase; or to provide an extended lease.

City officials gave Newberry Hall the right to purchase their property and they have given other tenants including Vampire Penguin and Ginger Bee 5-year leases but Taj Aiken has not been given that opportunity…. yet.

The City of Aiken has held the fate of Taj Aiken for long enough. Give this small business owner a fair contract and a fair price to purchase the property that taxpayers now own. With new leadership in the Mayor’s office — a shift in leadership that was largely due to backlash from the failed Project Pascalis — the City of Aiken has an opportunity to start to restore more than just the Hotel Aiken. They can start to restore public trust by supporting an independent small business beloved by many.

Footnotes:

April 14th, 2025 Aiken City Council meeting youtube. Kumar Aske’s speech begins at the 39:30 mark.

Good evening Aiken City Council.

My name is Alok Kumar Akse.

Thank you for this opportunity to speak to you.

I am the owner of Taj Aiken restaurant at 211 Richland Avenue West. I am here to ask that you consider granting our business a 5-year lease.

Taj Restaurant serves authentic Indian Cuisine. I employ twelve workers. We have hundreds of regular customers. We are a profitable, successful business since 2017.

We learned in November 2021 that the City was buying our property and was going to demolish our building and force us to move elsewhere. Since December of 2021 the City of Aiken has been our landlord, just like Vampire Penguin and Warneke’s.

Just like other businesses, we had no peace of mind after Project Pascalis began.

Mr Tim O’Briant offered us assistance to relocate. The assistance was not enough for us to move. We could not find another suitable space for a restaurant downtown. . Still, I signed the relocation agreement and waited to see what would happen.

But then Project Pascalis was cancelled. I thought maybe I could buy my building from the city or sign a long term lease.

Then the Savannah River Laboratory project came and the City wanted to build around us. Mr. Woltz said that Taj Aiken would stay open. Dr Majidi told me he wanted us to stay in our building.

We were very hopeful. We invested more in our business.

Then we were told the laboratory needed some of our space. Mr Tim and Mayor Osbon said the City would move us next door to the Playoffs building at the city’s expense.

But then the city decided to build the lab on Newberry Street, not next to our restaurant.

Then Vampire Penguin and Ginger Bee were given five year leases one year ago and gained some peace of mind and I became more hopeful.

I too sought a five-year lease and was told by Mr. Bedenbaugh that if I signed one like Jeannette and Brook’s then he would seek approval from you. I signed the lease in February 2024 that he provided and delivered to his office. I was told to check back.

I checked back in April, in June, July, and September last year, and then in January this year.

Now my building is part of another big project and our future is still uncertain.

We wanted the opportunity to buy our building and stay where we are, like Newberry Hall did. But if that is not possible we want a long-term lease that we were promised was possible. We want the same opportunities Aiken is giving other businesses. We are happy where we are. Our customers are happy where we are.

Thank you again for this opportunity to speak to you.

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